旅游资源开发与保护中的制衡机制失衡与政府规制优化

旅游资源开发与保护中发生的种种矛盾，归根到底是相关利益者之间利益的冲突，为此政府必须建立平衡各方利益的制衡机制。我国制衡机制的失衡，突出表现为：企业的制衡力过于强大，原居民、社会组织、从业人员的制衡力过于微弱。制衡机制失衡必然导致利益分配失衡，强势方获得超额利润。建议从三方面优化规制：重构政府的旅游资源管理体系与制度，严格执行旅游资源开发项目的“审批权”；健全旅游资源开发与保护的法规，编制并严格执行旅游规划，提高依法规制的合法性、科学性与严肃性；推进相关利益者制衡机制建设，对旅游资源实行全民监督管理。

Stake-balance Mechanism off and Government Regulation up in the Development and Conservation of Tourism Resources

Various conflicts aroused in the process of the exploitation and conservation of tourism resources initiated from interest conflicts between stakeholders, so a stake-balance mechanism is needed from governments for fair benefit distribution. However, the stake-balance mechanism in China is off balance with strong stake power on enterprise side and week on local residents, social organizations and employees of tourism industry. This off balance mechanism definitely gives birth to unfair benefit distribution, which the strong gains more benefits than the week group. The authors suggest that government regulation up should pay more attention in three aspects： reorganizing tourism resources management system and institutions of government, strictly executing the indorse right of tourism resources development projects; perfecting legal system of tourism exploitation and conservation, formulating and strictly implementing tourism planning; improving lawful, scientific and serious regulations, promoting the construction of stakeholders＇ stake-balance mechanism, and supervising tourism resources.