由新民主主义向社会主义的提前过渡与优先发展重工业的战略抉择

何时由新民主主义向社会主义过渡,是与中国工业化选择什么样的发展战略紧密相关的问题。中华人民共和国成立后,中国共产党之所以决定提前向社会主义过渡,根本原因是编制五年计划时选择了优先发展重工业的战略,并得到了苏联在技术和设备制造上给予全面援助的承诺。而实际过渡时之所以又被提前,主要原因也在于要使农业和资本主义工商业尽快适应优先发展重工业的需要。优先发展重工业的战略虽然存在一定历史局限性,向社会主义的过渡中也出现了一些弊端,但总体看,正是优先发展重工业的战略抉择和向社会主义的提前过渡,使中国抓住了当时的历史机遇,大大加快了中国工业化的进程,为今天建设中国特色社会主义提供了前提条件。

Transition from New Democracy to Socialism Ahead of Time and the Strategic Choice of Giving Priority to the Development of Heavy Industries

The timing of transition from new democracy to socialism was closely related to the choice of development strategy for industrialization in China. The root cause for the Communist Party of China (CPC) to move up the time of transition to socialism after the founding of the PRC was its choice of the strategy of giving priority to the development of heavy industries and the promise from the Soviet Union to provide all-round aid in technology and equipment. The main consideration for the transition to be shifted once again to an earlier date in practice was to adapt agriculture and capitalist industry and commerce to the needs of this strategy. In spite of the limitations of the strategy to develop heavy industries first and the drawbacks in the transition this strategy and the transition ahead of time made it possible for China to seize the historical opportunity at that time and quicken its steps of industrialization, providing preconditions for building socialism with Chinese characteristics today.