旅游创造性破坏模型述评

旅游影响与旅游演化是旅游研究的重点与热点,论文对旅游影响与旅游演化领域近来发展的旅游创造性破坏模型进行了述评。在介绍创造性破坏的理论基础与社会背景之后,论文评述了旅游创造性破坏模型取得的新成果,如把旅游商品化与创新看作旅游影响与演化的主动力、发展阶段的多因子判断、指标变化的非线性、资本在旅游利益主体互动中的主导地位等,同时也对该模型在应用范围、阶段特征与划分、旅游影响与演化机制等方面的不足,并对其今后研究进行了展望。

THE REVIEW OF THE MODEL OF TOURISM CREATIVE DESTRUCTION

This paper reviewes the model of tourism creative destruction in the field of tourism impacts and tourism evolution. The model is constructed on the basis of the thought of Schumpeter, an American economist, and Harvey, an American geographer. The model is tested in the community of St. Jacobs, a picturesque village located in the heart of Ontario's Mennonite country,as well as Niagara-on-the-Lake and Elora situated in Canada,and Luzhi and Tongli in China. The model is a useful tool for geographers and planners who are interested in guiding the development of communities in rural areas. After reviewing the theory basis and social background of the model of creative destruction,The paper reviewes the progress of the model of tourism creative destruction from several aspects. Firstly,the model makes entrepreneurial spirit,commercialization and innovation as the main motive of tourism impact and tourism evolution. Secondly, the model emphasizes the power of capital and stresses the capital on the leading index in the interaction among the tourism stakeholders. Thirdly, the model indicates that the tourism impact and tourism evolution is a process of destruction with creation which have the circulation of creation, destruction, creation and destruction. Fourthly, the model uses multiple-index to decide the stages of the model, including tourists' number and type, residents' attitude, tourism stakeholders, an d main landscape. The indexes reflect every aspect of tourism impact and tourism evolution from different angels. Finally, the authors point out that the change of the indexes in the model is non-linear. For example, the capital investment is more and more by the stage; the number of post-tourists grows by the stage; the authentic heritage seekers increase from pre-commoditization stage to advanced commoditization stage and decreases afterwards; the local people's attitude get more and more negative from pre-commoditization stage to advanced destruction stage but more and more positive afterwards.