气候变迁和中国历史

本文联系东亚、欧州和北美气候变迁及其影响 ,论述中国各历史时期气候变迁和历史的关系。指出以农为本的中国 ,尤其是北方 ,在气候变化面前显得格外脆弱。气候变化影响农业 ,从而影响社会各方面。从新石器时代至清朝 ,中国气候温暖期与寒冷期周期性变化的过程 ,是游牧文明与农耕文明两种生态环境较量与整合的过程。在温暖期 ,中国经济繁荣 ,民族统一 ,国家昌盛 ;寒冷期 ,气候剧变引起经济衰退 ,游牧民族南侵 ,农民起义 ,国家分裂 ,经济文化中心南移等。最后 ,作者指出 ,在历史时期 ,气候是中国北方政治命运的决定性因素之一 ,并强调将世界气候作为一个整体研究历史事件的重要性

Climatic Change and History in China

The article studied the relation between the Climatic change and history in China in different historical periods , by comparing the climatic change and its influence on East Asian, Europe and North America . It pointed out , China ,especial in North China ,based on agriculture, was particularly vulnerable to climatic change .Climatic change could greatly affect all sectors of society . From Neolithic Age to Qing dynasty, the process of climatic change periodically between warm periods and cold periods was the one that nomadic and sedentary peoples conflicted and united. During warm periods, China was flourished ,united ,and prosperous. During cold periods ,climatic change led to the economic deterioration, nomadic inversion, peasant rebellion and even led to the economic and central shift from north to south .At last ,the author pointed out climate might be one of the factors which determined the political fate of North China ,and emphasized the importance of taking climate into account in studying historical events .