抗菌剂壳寡糖、儿茶素和纳米氧化锌对冻干前处理古木微生物作用的研究

浙江余姚河姆渡出土干栏式建筑木构件，在采用聚乙二醇（PEG）置换填充后存在着微生物侵害问题，为避免采用合成抗菌防霉防腐剂带来的环境污染问题，采用壳寡糖、儿茶素和纳米氧化锌对古木构件进行抗菌试验。采用经典方法对侵蚀微生物进行分离、鉴定，并对壳寡糖、儿茶素和纳米氧化锌的有效抑菌浓度进行研究。侵蚀软性材的细菌主要有铜绿假单孢菌、摩根摩根氏菌和气味黄杆菌，霉菌主要有木素木霉、土曲霉、灰绿曲霉、产黄青霉和无孢目丝核菌；侵蚀硬质材的细菌主要有鲁氏不动杆菌，霉菌主要有康宁木霉、烂木瓶孢霉、产黄青霉、展青霉、考氏头孢霉、细交链孢霉和无孢目丝核菌等。壳寡糖、儿茶素与纳米氧化锌的有效抑菌浓度分别为2．5％、10．0％和5．0％。10％儿茶素对4种主要细菌的抑菌能力大于2．5％壳寡糖和5．0％纳米氧化锌；2．5％壳寡糖对8种丝状真菌的抑菌能力大于10％儿茶素和5．0％纳米氧化锌。鉴于壳寡糖、儿茶素、纳米氧化锌对古木材微生物的选择性作用，考虑到危害河姆渡木材的微生物主要是霉菌，因此将2．5％壳寡糖作为首选的环保型生物抗菌剂。

Research on the antimicrobial effect of catechine,chitooligo saccharide and zinc oxide nanoparticles on freezing dehydration pre treated ancient timber

An architectural wooden bar unearthed in Hemudu,Yuyao,Zhejiang Province has suffered from disintegration caused by micro - organisms after earlier replacement and filling with polyethylene glycol(PEG).The antimicrobial effects of chitooligo saccharide,catechin and zinc oxide nanoparticles on those ancient wooden structures were tested,with the aim of avoiding the environmental issue resulting from synthetic preservatives.The classical method of separation and identification of destructive microbes was used,...