馆藏壁画保护管理中的风险因素调查分析及对策

自1952年以来,被揭取迁移到博物馆中的墓葬壁画,在被修复、收藏、展示、运输、研究的过程中出现了画面污染、色彩褪变、颜料层粉化脱落、地仗层空鼓、支撑体变形等中度或重度腐蚀受损现象,使得现阶段对导致壁画藏品劣化、损毁的风险因素进行梳理和调查成为了一项亟待开展的基础工作。为此本工作从壁画保护的视角出发,在充分考虑其本体脆弱性的同时,将藏品管理中潜在的不确定性识别为明确的风险因素,提出有针对性的预防性保护措施,在规避风险的同时延缓藏品的老化进程,为加强藏品保护和零风险管理提供参考。

Investigation, analysis and countermeasures of risk factors in the management of mural collections

Since 1952, tomb murals that were removed and moved to museums have faced many risks in the processes of restoration, collection, display, transportation and research. What can be seen is moderate and even severe corrosion damage, such as extra-covering, color changing, powdering and falling off of the paint layer, detachment of the plaster layer, deformation of the support layer, etc. Thus there is urgent basic work to be done to sort out and investigate the risk factors that lead to the deterioration and damage of mural collections at this stage. Starting from the perspective of mural conservation, and fully considering the fragility of the mural itself, this article identifies potential uncertainties in collection management as clear risk factors. Targeted preventive measures are proposed to slow down the aging of mural collections and to avoid risks, and also to provide references for strengthening collection conservation and zero-risk management.