十六国北朝侨州郡县与侨流人口研究引论

十六国北朝特别是十六国,频繁而大规模的内部人口流动,是由胡族统治者实施的,并以强制迁移性质为主,强制迁移的目的,是以之为兵、用之耕耘。这样的移民状况加上其他复杂因素,决定了长期、普遍、广泛设置于东晋南朝的侨州郡县,在十六国北朝境内,总体上说,是不长期、不普遍、不广泛的。十六国北朝特别是十六国的多数侨州郡县,既无土地也无人民。如十六国的侨置,多与"虚设"无异;至于北朝的侨置,则不外以下几种情形:因招抚或安置流民而置,为安置特殊性质的移民而设,备职方而立,务广虚名,以及承东晋南朝之侨置而不废者。十六国北朝侨州郡县与侨流人口的考证与研究,既要具备与东晋南朝进行比照的观点,其研究难度也较之东晋南朝为更大。

An Introducing Study on Qiao Zhou Jun Xian(Emigrant State and Share County) and Population of Emigrants in Sixteen Countries and Northern Dynasty

In Sixteen Countries and Northern Dynasty particularly the latter,the high frequent and large scope inner floating population was implemented by dominators of non-Chinese nationalities charactered in forced migration with the goal of resorting to arms and cultivating.Such emigrating status plus with other complex factors,eventuated in the long-term,all-pervading and far-ranging Qiao Zhou Jun Xian(侨州郡县)set during Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasty.As in the frontier of Sixteen Countries and Northern Dynasty,the setting was not in such long-term,all-pervading and far-ranging.In the most Qiao Zhou Jun Xian in Sixteen Countries and Northern Dynasty particularly the latter,there was neither land nor people.For instance,the setting of emigrant in Sixteen Countries was nearly nominal.As for the setting in Northern Dynasty,the situation was like no more than the followings:the setting for attracting and installing vagrants,the setting for special emigrants,the setting for expanding land and coveting the nominations,and the non-abolishment of the setting of emigrant in Sixteen Countries.The textual research and study on Qiao Zhou Jun Xian and population of emigrant in Sixteen Countries and Northern Dynasty should include the viewpoints in comparison with the study on Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasty.And the difficulties of the study are much greater than the study on Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasty.