遗址博物馆土遗址病害调查与成因分析——以萧山跨湖桥遗址博物馆为例

潮湿环境土遗址的保护一直是非常困难的课题。当遗址与其他材质的文物共存时,保护难度更高。为了探讨遗址博物馆内病害发生的规律和影响因素,为未来潮湿环境土遗址保护措施的研究和设计提供依据,以杭州市萧山区跨湖桥遗址为例开展调查研究。发现盖棚可以防止雨水对土遗址的破坏,但造成了水和盐的单向迁移,是目前土遗址病害的主要根源。对于室内遗址博物馆,如何解决遗址土体水分单向迁移带来的破坏已经成为迫切需要开展研究的课题,建议尽快开展室内土遗址补水技术的实验研究。

Investigation and research on relics diseases of the earthen site of Kuahuqiao Site Museum

The conservation of earthen sites in humid circumstances has always been a difficult subject. Sites exposed to the elements can easily be destroyed by heavy rain and water. Soil sites are also prone to cracking, as well as salt and powder-related damage even though protected by sheds. Furthermore, the use of chemical materials for consolidation during protection often results in peeling of the surface and other damage. In order to explore the severity and influence of various factors on relics diseases and to provide a basis for future research, we used the Kuahuqiao site in Hangzhou Xiaoshan as an example for investigation and study. We found that the roof covering the site can prevent the rain from destroying the soil, but the roof brings the problem of one-way transfer of water and salt, soil shrinkage and so on. In humid areas, because there are temperature differences between air and soil, water vapor condensation in the soil micropores is also an important cause of soil moisture, ease of cracking and salt deposition. Experimental studies on the water supply technologies for indoor soil sites need to be done as soon as possible.