议修京师贡院与科举制的终结

1904年科举减额缓停至1905年立停之间,科举改革的走向、方式及时间,存在诸多不确定因素,议修京师贡院为其中重要关节.在京多数部院官员主修贡院,表明缓停定议可能节外生枝,废科举的取向变数极大.张百熙、端方、袁世凯等人采取断然之策,改缓停为立停;张之洞于此虽一度犹豫,但最终附和.疆臣与枢机相互沟通联络,促成军机处和政务处的人事调整,并说服当政绕开部院会议,直接宣布立停科举.制度变革进程充满玄机,从或然到必然,相关人物的主观努力相当重要.只是精心谋略与强行干预虽可排除障碍,促成科举终结,却难以消除隐患,化解矛盾,避免急行效应带来的社会震荡.

Discussion of Repairing the Capital Examination Hall and the End of the Imperial Examination System

From a reduction in numbers and slow abolishment in 1904 to its immediate abolishment in 1905,the direction,manner and timing of reforms of the Imperial Examination System were in a state of great uncertainty,and discussion of repairing the Capital Examination Hall was a key point. Most ministerial level officials in Beijing favored repairing the Hall. This indicated that the decision to slowly abolish the System was likely to meet with complications,and the path toward abolishing the System would have many...