论皇权传承规范对西汉帝陵布局的制约

先秦社会的氏族残余比较浓厚,昭穆制度影响较大。秦汉时期,皇权取得了独尊地位,"父子相传"的皇统传承规范成为制约帝陵布局的重要因素。西汉葬于渭北祖陵区的皇帝有八位与其前任皇帝属父子关系,而文帝因为平辈冲突,宣帝因为代际缺环,均未入葬祖陵区。平帝虽与哀帝同辈,但西汉后期以来,"为人后"原则日渐成为皇权传承的补充条款,王莽本着这个原则,葬平帝于渭北。

On the Regulation of Imperial Inheritance and its Effect on the Locality of the Imperial Mausoleums during the Western Han Dynasty

Because of the heavy influence of clan power in the pre-Qin society,the Zhaomu(昭穆)system played an important role in societal functions.In the Qin and Han dynasties,imperial authority achieved a dominant status;as a result,the principle of handing over throne from father to son(PHT) became the decisive factor for the locality of each individual emperor’s mausoleum.Among nine emperors buried on the northern bank of the Wei River during the Western Han Dynasty,eight of them were the sons(or nephews) of their predecessors.For example,the emperors Wen and Xuan were not buried in the imperial mausoleum area north of the Wei River due to a conflict of seniority(birth order was not followed) and an intergenerational missing link,respectively.Additionally,according to birth order,Emperor Ping should not have been permitted burial in the area containing the majority of Western Han’s imperial mausoleums—He and Emperor Ai belonged to the same generation.However,since the late Western Han dynasty,the notion of "wei renhou(为人后)"—an inheritor as someone besides the father’s son-gradually became the supplemental clause for the PHT.This new principle justified Wang Mang’s action of burying Emperor Ping on the northern bank of the Wei River.