中世纪晚期法国的城市移民与社会融合

移民在城市人口中的比例大幅增长是中世纪晚期法国城市人口结构的重要特征。移民的流入及其对城市社会的良好融入构成了法国城市社会克服中世纪晚期危机的重要条件。移民融入城市社会的路径有两种第一,市政权力机构筛选出部分移民,授予他们市民身份,将他们纳入市民共同体;第二,移民自发、自主地构建多元的社会关系,并以个人道德为基础与其他居民开展社会交往,相互融合。这两种路径相互补充,推动法国城市社会吸纳多元移民并在近代实现复兴。相较而言,社会融合是所有移民融入城市社会的必经之路,反映了移民群体在融入城市社会过程中的主动性和自主性,在城市吸纳移民的机制中发挥了更为重要的作用,是中世纪法国城市社会实现自我更新和可持续发展的关键。

Immigrants and Social Integration in the Late Medieval French Urban Society

The proportion of immigrants in the urban population increased significantly,which can be considered as an important feature of the population structure of the French cities in the late Middle Ages.The influx of immigrants and their integration into the urban society are vital conditions for the French urban society to overcome the crisis of the late Middle Ages.There are two paths for immigrants integrating into the urban society.Firstly,the municipal authority grants citizenship to some selected immigrants and integrates them into the citizen community.Secondly,the immigrants spontaneously and autonomously construct diversified social relationships,and conduct social interactions with other residents based on personal morality.These two paths complement mutually and promote the urban society to absorb multiple immigrants and to achieve revival in modern times.In comparison,the social integration is the only way for all immigrants to integrate into the urban society.It reflects the initiative and autonomy of immigrant groups in the process of integrating into the urban society,and plays a more important role in the mechanism of absorbing immigrants.It is also a crucial factor in the self-renewal and sustainable development of the medieval French urban society.