日本明治时期的私有财产权观念

日本明治时期,在吸收了近世日本町人的经营私利正当之观念的基础上,受西方思想影响,私有财产权观念在全社会广泛传播。启蒙思想家和民权理论家们冲破了千年以来以私利为“恶”的传统观念,充分阐述人民获取私人利益和拥有私人财产的正当性,并对私有财产权的特征进行了论证。他们主张对这种私有权利,政府不仅不应当干涉,而且应当给予法律保护。这种新的思想对日本明治政府的“殖产兴业”国策作了理论诠释,并对新宪法和法律法规有关保护私有财产权利条款的制定产生了直接影响,有力地促进了以私有制为基础的资本主义经济在日本的发展。

The Concept of Private Property Rights during the Meiji Period of Japan

During the Meiji period of Japan,the concept of private property rights widely spread in the Japanese society both under the influence of the Western thoughts and on the basis of the concept of legitimate business interests of the Japanese machi people.The Enlightenment thinkers and theorists of civil rights broke through the traditional concept of‘evil’based on self-interest over thousands of years,fully expounded the legitimacy of people obtaining private interests and owning private property,and analysed the characteristics of private property rights.In the meanwhile,the government should not interfere in the private property,but should provide legal protection instead.This new thought theoretically interpreted the Meiji government's national policy of‘Industry Breeding and Business Intiating Policy’,and had a direct impact on the formulation of the new constitution on the protection of private property,consequently promoting the development of the capitalist economy based on the private ownership in Japan.