日美核能合作的历史缘起(1945-1955)

日美核能合作是迄今世界上唯一原子弹“轰炸国”与“被炸国”之间的合作。美国对日核政策的演进路径既是其全球战略的内在要求,又是绑架日本依赖美国发展核能构想的必然产物,更是约束日本核武装诉求的因应考量。“天佑论”“无核战败论”与“产业革命论”等认识逻辑,折射出日本对核能需求的内生性与主动性。日本与美国合作的意图在于打破发展核能的政治限制,摆脱技术落后与核材料不足的瓶颈约束,提升本国发展核能的研发水平,进而为潜在拥有核武装能力创造初始条件。揭示日美核能合作的历史缘起,既客观铺陈了日本在与美国核能合作中蛰伏着“军事利用”的选择性与可能性,又有助于理解战后日本将“作为核电的原子能”与“作为核爆的原子能”进行结合的内在逻辑。

The Historical Origin of the Nuclear Energy Cooperation between Japan and the U.S.

The Japan-U.S.nuclear energy cooperation is hitherto cooperation between‘the injuring country’and‘the injured country’of the atomic bomb in the world.The evolution of the U.S.nuclear policy towards Japan is the inherent requirement of its global strategy,the inevitable consequence of compelling Japan to rely on the U.S.for the development of the nuclear energy,and the consideration of restraining Japan's nuclear demands.The cognitive logic of‘the Theory of Providence’,‘the Theory of Non-Nuclear Defeat’and‘the Theory of the Industrial Revolution’reflects the endogeneity and initiative of Japan's demand for nuclear energy.The intention of Japan seeking for the cooperation with the U.S.is to break the political constraints of the nuclear energy development,get ride of the bottleneck constraints of laggard technology and insufficient nuclear material,and enhance Japan's research and development capacity of the nuclear energy development,laying a material and technical foundation for potential nuclear weapons.The agreement of Japan's cooperation with the U.S.does not mean a complete abandonment of the option of‘nuclear armament’.Therefore,the cooperation agreement does not limit the obstacles to Japan's nuclear policy.It also helps to understand the internal logic of Japan's combination of‘atomic energy as nuclear power’and‘atomic energy as nuclear explosion’during the postwar period.