城市犯罪中的公共空间盲区及其综合治理

发生在城市公共空间的犯罪案件,数量大、类型多,造成的危害往往波及整个城市社会和公众,对公共空间盲区的综合治理委实是城市犯罪防控的一项十分重要的社会工程。本文分析了城市公共空间的各种空间特性,指出公共空间功能面向的广泛性、人员物资的流动性、空间结构的开放性和空间归属的无主性等是造成大量空间盲区的重要原因。根据外部形态和内部结构的不同,本文将公共空间分为封闭型、相对封闭型和非封闭型等3种类型,并分门别类地阐述了综合治理各种公共空间盲区的主要措施和工作重点。

The Public Spatial Blind Area in Urban Crime and Its Comprehensive Treatment

The public space is this kind of area space in a city, that keeps public resources, serves the urban public, and provides spatial substance and platform for the existence and development of urban society. The persons and resources in the public space often turn into the object of urban crime. Comparing with the private space, the environment in the public space has a stronger attraction to criminals. This paper analyses spatial characteristics of the public spatial blind area, and provides the maim countermeasures and task for dealing with them. Some spatial characters of the urban public space create a lot of spatial blind area. Because the public space must be geared to the whole public and provide widespread social services for the whole public, and various persons getting into the public space have a big quantity and disorderly composition. Then, a special situation is created, in which criminals could easily sneak into the public space and watch for chances to commit crimes. It is hard for persons in the public space to make a regular human environment, and the anticrime ability of the latent crime victim as a whole might be weakened. According to the external formation and internal structure, the public space is divided into three different types, and the comprehensive treatment of the public spatial blind area should lays particular emphasis on different types. The closing public space has wall and roof, e. g. commerce, culture, and traffic institutions, etc. The key measures of the treatment of its spatial blind area include isolating, keeping watch on and controlling some sensitive positions, dredging stream of people in rush hours, and enhancing the ability of meeting a sudden danger. The relative closing public space has enclosing wall or barrier, but has no roof, e. g. campus, park, stadium and other similar public institution. The countermeasures of it include controlling entrance and exit of the installation, making the anticrime responsibility clear in every position of the public space, and tightening up the anticrime management of some special position. The opening public space has no wall, or has on roof, e. g. street, square, etc. The key measures of it include improving the anticrime function of the lighting system and other installation, setting up various anticrime organizations at suitable sites, and establishing some kind of the spatial order, advantageous to the urban anticrime.