关于元杂剧《灰阑记》的来源问题

《灰阑记》引起了世界的关注，国内有学论及了它的来源和世界性影响问题，这有意义。但学关于《灰阑记》题材来源的说法是不正确的。《灰阑记》虽在内容上与佛教、基督教、伊斯兰教所记的故事有相似之处，但李行道却不是从这三个宗教故事中取材。一，三个宗教虽在唐代以前就传入中国，但其时除了佛教有关故事已翻译过来以外，其他两个同类故事是不是已经翻译过来，难以确定；二．李行道是中国的隐士，不是宗教信徒，他受中国传统化的影响，《风俗通义》是宋元习见之书，他见到的可能性更大；三，元杂剧创作中普遍存在着吸取历史故事、小说等材料进行创作的倾向．李行道所在的平阳是当时杂剧创作的中心之一，他当然会受到这个倾向的影响。因此，我们认为，他是从中国本土的故事受到启发，创作了《灰阑记》。中国本土故事就是见载于《风俗通义》中的黄霸断两妇人争子的故事。《灰阑记》的故事情节、宗旨．与之极为一致。世界几种化中都存在着《灰阑记》式的故事，这一情形值得深入研究。用比较的方法研究中外化及学的相互影响及异同，是有意义的，但应注重事实，不应轻言袭用而贬低一个民族创造化的努力和对世界化的贡献。

On the Source of the Gloomy Railing

The story of Gloomy Railing has brought universal attention in the whole acabemic world, some Chinese acholars are concerned with its source and influence which,we think ,is of great significance. However, there exist wrong opinions in some articles. The story is similar with the legends of Buddhism Christianity or Islamism,but the plot of Xingdao Li's stoty is not from the three religion legends. 1. The above three religions came to China before Tang Dynasty,exept the Buddhist ' legend no one can tell if there were Chinese editions of the other two legends at that time. 2. As a hermit of Chinese antiquity and none believer, li was strongly influenced by Chinese traditional culture. There is a possibility for him to approach the Folk legend,which was very popular in sung and yuan Dynasties. 3. There was a tendency drawing materials from the historical stories or novels in the drama of yuan Dynasty Li'snative place was in ping which was one of the famous centers of drama creation in yuan Dynasty,so Li was naturally influenced by this tendency Therefore,we believe that Li was inspired by a local story and created his Gloomy Railing and that local story canbe found in The Folk Legend . The plot and aim of Li s stoty is almost the same with the case of two mothers claiming one boy in judge Huans court in The Folk Legend .Such a story of Gloomy Railing exist in several in the world ,so it is worth notice and study in comparative way. We have to respect historical facts,not to belittle the effofts and contributions of a nation in cultural creation just by unreasonable conjectures.