唐三彩的仪器中子活化分析其在两京地区发展轨迹的研究

本文采用仪器中子活化分析技术测定四个主要的唐三彩窑遗址(河南黄冶窑、陕西铜川黄堡窑、长安礼泉坊窑、河北邢窑)以及墓葬、建筑遗址出土唐三彩胎的元素组成,分辨了不同产地唐三彩胎的元素组成差别。而且,本文综合考古资料、实验数据的统计学处理结果,将唐三彩在盛唐时期的发展历程划分为两个阶段,大约以公元705年(武则天退位)为界。前一阶段的唐三彩属于白胎类型,制作中心集中在洛阳地区,唐三彩器主要由黄冶窑制造,大型唐三彩俑由洛阳地区(包括黄冶附近)未被发现的窑场制作。后一阶段唐三彩的制作中心向长安地区转移,该中心的重要产品是红胎唐三彩,同时可能采用外来的原料制作白胎唐三彩,洛阳地区作为唐三彩的另一个制作中心同时存在。进而论证唐三彩器和唐三彩俑存在两个相对独立的发展轨迹。

Instrument Neutron Activation Analysis of Tang Tricolour Ware and a Study of Its Trajectory of Development in the Region of the Capitals

The author documents the laboratory testing of the composition using neutron activation analysis of tricolour(sancai)glaze from four major Tang dynasty sancai kiln sites (Huangye kiln in Henan province,the Tongchuan-Huangpu kiln in Shaanxi,the Liquanfang kiln in Chang'an and the Xing kiln in Hebei),as well as unearthed examples of sancai from tombs and building sites.The testing revealed that the chemical composition of sancai glaze from different kilns also differed.On the basis of mathematical data collected in the laboratory and archaeological data,the author posits that Tang sancai ware evolved through two distinct phases during the High-Tang period,and that the dividing line is the year 705 when Empress Wu Zetian gave up the throne.The glaze of sancai produced during the first phase was for the white clay-body variety of sancai the production of which was centred in the Luoyang district with most sancai made at the Huangye kiln.Large Tang dynasty sancai figurines were produced at a kiln also near Luoyang(including Huangye)but the site of the specific kiln engaged in this manufacture has not yet been found.In the later stage the centre of sancai production moved towards Chang'an where red clay-body sancai was an important product,although white clay- body wares were still produced using clay imported into the area.Tang sancai also continued to be fired at another centre in the Luoyang district.The author makes the important point in this paper that Tang sancai wares and Tang sancai figurines developed along relatively independent trajectories.