The auroral distribution and its mapping according to substorm phase |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;2. University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, U.S.A.;3. Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden;1. Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution and Pollution Control Engineering of Atmospheric Pollutants, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece;2. Energy, Environment and Water Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus;3. Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany;4. Department of Meteorology and Climatology, School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece;5. Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Application and Remote Sensing, National Observatory of Athens, Athens, Greece;1. School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China;2. Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G3, Canada;3. Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China;4. International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China;1. Department of Cardiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA;2. Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA;3. Department of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA;4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA;5. Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA;6. Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA |
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| Abstract: | An attempt is made to reconcile two competing views as to where the auroral distribution maps from in the magnetosphere. The structure of the aurora is shown to have two distinctive parts which vary according to the magnetic activity. The low latitude portion of the structured distribution may be a near-Earth central plasma sheet phenomenon while the high latitude portion is linked more closely to boundary layer processes. During quiet times, the polar arcs may be the ionospheric signature of a source region in the deep tail low latitude boundary layer/cool plasma sheet. The structured portion of the ‘oval’ has a dominantly near-Earth nightside source and corresponds to an overlap region between isotropic 1–10 keV electrons and 0.1–1 keV structured electrons. The ionospheric local time sector between 13 and 18 MLT is the meeting point between the dayside boundary layer source region and this near-Earth nightside source. Late in the substorm expansion phase and/or start of the substorm recovery phase, the nightside magnetospheric boundaries (both the low latitude and Plasma Sheet Boundary Layers) begin to play an increasingly important role, resulting in an auroral distribution specific to the substorm recovery phase. These auroral observations provide a means of inferring important information concerning magnetospheric topology. |
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