博物馆理论研究与博物馆发展方向——苏东海先生专访

21世纪以来,我国的博物馆事业进入新的发展高潮,博物馆理论与发展研究面临许多新的重大课题。博物馆学家苏东海先生认为:博物馆理论研究需要从博物馆发展实践着手,博物馆发展研究要重视发展战略和时代主题的研究;生态博物馆作为一种文化遗产保护理论与行动的新思维,呈现出与传统博物馆两极分化、对立统一的关系,其成功应建基于让文化的主人真正成为自己文化的主人;文化遗产的保护与发扬体现了当前国际博协的战略思想,是博物馆的时代主题;博物馆应充分认识并强化自身独特的知识、审美和道德特征及其价值,提升专业功能与社会职能,增强文化竞争力;博物馆理论工作者应直面博物馆领域的复杂形势,加强对国内外博物馆以及博物馆学基础理论的研究,探索适合中国博物馆发展的理论体系和发展道路,建设有中国特色的博物馆学。

Theoretical Studies and the Developing Direction of Museums: An Interview with Mr.Su Dong-hai

Since the beginning of the 21th century,Chinese museums have encountered a new round of development that brings a range of significant new challenges to the study of museum theories and development.Mr.Su Dong-hai,a well-known museologist,expresses his ideas and opinions as follows: The theoretical studies of museums should start with the practices of museum development,which,on the other hand,should focus on the development strategies as well as the themes of the times;As a new product of the theories and practices of cultural heritage conservation,ecomuseums represent an opposite to traditional museums with,however,a unity between.The success of ecomuseum practices is based on the premise that indigenous people are the real owner of their culture;The conservation and promotion of cultural heritage are in line with the present strategic thinking of the International Council of Museums(ICOM),reflecting the themes of the times of museums;Museums should realize and enhance their special characters in knowledge,aesthetics and ethics as well as improve their functions in profession and social responsibilities so as to increase their cultural competitiveness;Museum theorists should have a clear mind in front of the complicated situation within the field and make more thorough studies of museums in China and abroad as well as the basic theories of museology,so as to explore a theoretical system and a road for Chinese museums toward development and build the Museology with Chinese characteristics.