SPATIAL DEPENDENCY OF SEGREGATION INDICES

A few researchers have mentioned the scale sensitivity of segregation index, D. In this paper, I discuss analytically and empirically why using large enumeration areal units usually results in low segregation measures, and using small areal units produces relatively high segregation measures. The discussion is also applicable to the multi-group variant of D. A major finding is that if people of the same ethnic groups are positively spatially auto-correlated, increasing the size of areal units of analysis may not lower D initially, because only people of the same group are added. But enlarging the areal units subsequently may include population of other ethnic groups, and therefore could lower D. However, if the boundaries of the larger enumeration units are drawn to include only population of the same group, then D will not change significantly. Both the spatial autocorrelation of ethnic group population and zonal pattern are critical factors in determining the scale sensitivity of D.     

国家文化公园:理论溯源、现实问题与制度探索

"十三五"以来,我国文化遗产保护事业进入新阶段,但是文化遗产管理体系复杂、多头管理、权责不明等问题一直未得到解决.因此,国家文化公园建设过程中,应首先理顺国家文化公园与既有遗产保护体系之间的逻辑与关系,建立以重大文化遗产为主体的国家文化公园体系;以保护传承为首要目标,构建统一规范高效的国家文化公园管理体制;突出国家代表...     

基于空间特征的秦巴山区农村居民点整理分区与潜力测算

整理分区划定和整理潜力测算是农村居民点整理的核心内容。本文综合地形位、缓冲区、可达性、景观指数和Voronoi 图,引入空间分异特征指数,定量分析农村居民点用地特征,实现整理区合理划分;改进潜力测算模型,结合经济社会、土地利用、农户意愿因素,构建整理潜力综合评价指标体系,以秦巴山区竹溪县为例进行实证研究。结果表明：竹溪县农村居民点空间分异特征指数值位于0.0433-0.8038 之间;全县农村居民点可分为优先整理区、重点整理区、优化调控区和城镇发展区,现实潜力904.63 hm²,仅为传统潜力的65.42%;根据各乡镇潜力系数,划分为3 级潜力区。空间分异的潜力测算、整理区和潜力区划分,为确定因地制宜的整理模式和符合实际的整理时序提供依据。     

Site Fight! Toward the Abolition of Immigrant Detention on Tacoma’s Tar Pits (and Everywhere Else)

This paper theorises the spatialisation of White supremacy through the siting and expansion of a US immigrant detention centre, the Northwest Detention Center (NWDC). This case reveals the spatial relationship between the detention centre’s displacement with the Seattle‐Tacoma region’s increasing wealth, highlighting the role of detention and incarceration in the spatialisation of White supremacy. If White advantage maps onto whiteness as property, then White supremacy maps onto interlocking systems of settler colonialism and racial capitalism that dispossess people of colour of land and turns their bodies into devalued pollution sinks, where the less‐than‐citizen is forced to live on Tar Pits that they cannot even call “home”. Since 2014, detained immigrants’ activism has fuelled conversations about the punitive nature of administrative immigrant detention, racial profiling, and the city’s responsibility to enforce health, safety and environmental regulations for all residents. Through the stories of detainees, deportees and their co‐conspirators, this site fight illustrates how abolition ecologies call for tearing down toxic detention centres. Beyond rejecting White supremacist logics in immigration enforcement, abolitionists make freedom as a place together.     

Oscillatory zoning and trace element incorporation in hydrothermal minerals: insights from calcite growth experiments

Oscillatory zoning and fine‐scale variations in trace element chemistry are commonly observed in hydrothermal minerals. It has been suggested that fine‐scale chemical variations are caused by extrinsic changes in the parent hydrothermal system, such as varying fluid composition, pressure or temperature, as well as changes in mineral growth rate. In this study, LA–ICP–MS (laser ablation, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer) analyses were carried out on calcite crystals grown in Ca–NH₃–Cl solutions doped with rare earth elements (REE). The variety of crystal morphologies observed (euhedral to acicular), likely relate to variations in trace element abundance and calcite supersaturation state. Crystals display oscillatory and sector zoning, with significant variations in REE concentrations among zones. Cyclic variations in REE concentrations (exceeding 10‐fold) occur over distances of <1 mm along the growth direction of acicular calcite crystals. In general, trace element concentrations decrease during progressive crystal growth, implying that the concentration of trace and REEs within crystals reflects the overall composition of the growth solution. However, bulk changes in crystal composition are modulated by fine‐scale (<1 mm) variations, which are inferred to be caused by growth‐rate‐controlled incorporation of trace elements. These results have important implications for using hydrothermal minerals to infer fluctuations in fluid compositions in ancient, exhumed hydrothermal systems.     

马韩古坟坟丘的区划盛土法

坟丘的区划盛土法是指在筑造坟丘时将其分成许多区域,由不同人力分别承担作业的筑造方式。为识别区划界限可设置异色粘土带、土囊列或排列石材作为标志物。坟丘的区划方向都是从坟丘中心呈放射状分布的,随着坟丘规模的扩大,区划数也在增多。中国春秋时期已使用区划盛土法这种技术,因而这种盛土方法应当是起源于中国。     

Valuing place/placing value: the elusive normativity of landscape in rural Tuscany

Rural Tuscany has become both a paragon of harmonious beauty and a terrain of legal conflict and recrimination. When they do not resort to essentialist notions of taste, many commentators are prone to explain the ‘preservation’ of Tuscany's countryside as the outcome of locally rooted legislative interventions meant to prevent ‘speculation’ and ‘debasement’ (scempio). Tuscany is indeed the site of layers of normative constraints and guidelines, ranging from local zoning regulations to the expectations associated with UNESCO's World Heritage Site status. Far from being self-evident, however, these normative constructs have been debated in Tuscan society over decades of rapid and often chaotic change. The reinvention of rural Tuscany as a paragon of beauty emerged from the search for an elusive form of coherence and meaning, whose features generated both conflict and accommodations. By focusing on a valley in southern Tuscany which obtained the status of World Heritage Site in 2004 (the Orcia valley), the article shows the power of the circumventions, negotiations and reinterpretations in which rural Tuscans have engaged while navigating the alternative temporalities of global validation, national legitimation and local belongings.     

公交站点可达性测度及其在停车分区中的应用

考虑公交与小汽车方式间的可达性差异,提出了依据公交服务水平调控小汽车可达性的停车分区思路,以期实现对小汽车方式的合理限制,支持城市公交优先发展。首先根据居民出行对不同类型公交站点具有不同可达性需求,将以需求点为圆心、站点时空可接近距离为半径的覆盖范围作为基本分析单元,构建基于微观个体时空约束下的公交站点可达性测度模型。其次借助ArcGIS,以昆明市公交网络数据为基础,对站点可达性空间分布特征进行可视化分析,所得结果与城市用地开发整体特征相吻合,验证了模型的合理性。最后以公交可达性水平为主要依据划分停车供给分区,从而对不同分区停车泊位供给的科学配置提供支撑。     

乡村振兴视角下秦巴山区农村路网通达性评价与分区优化研究——以陕西省山阳县为例

交通是经济发展的命脉,路网通达性是衡量交通发展水平的有效评价指标。以位于秦巴山区的陕西省山阳县为例,采用网络分析、空间自相关与地理加权回归等方法,从分项评价、综合评价两方面研究农村路网通达性,并进行通达性分区;提取各区中对经济发展影响较大的分项因子,有针对性地提出了优化策略。结果表明:(1)山阳县路网通达性呈北高南低、由高通达性极核向外围递减的"核心—外围"空间分异特征。(2)通达性水平高的区域地形平坦,区内外交通条件优良,是山阳县的经济、政治及文化中心,对周边村镇有一定辐射带动作用。通达性水平低的区域区位偏远,地形复杂,经济发展滞后。(3)路网通达性水平与社会经济的相关系数在不同分区有空间异质性。最后,提出分区优化建议,以促进经济发展,助力乡村振兴。     

Tourism destination zoning in mountain regions: a consumer-based approach

This paper puts into question the conventional way of delineating tourism destination borders in terms of taken-for-granted administrative boundaries. Despite the fact that the literature on destination boundaries advocates for conceptual frameworks where customers’ consumption patterns play a more fundamental role, instances of actual attempts of structuring tourism geographies into ‘new tourism areas’ are scant, and instances of zoning on the basis of visitors’ consumption patterns are absent. A method for identifying alternative and more effective consumption-based tourism zones that combines geographical information system and hierarchical cluster analysis techniques, and that relies on time distances between attractions, is thus proposed, and implemented in the case of the Pyrenees mountain region. As a result the region is restructured into nine new tourism zones, which, compared to the original destinations, are more uniform in size and have a higher correlation index between attractiveness and accommodation intensity; they also have different levels of cross-border intensity and are very similar to historical regions; and the more they differ from the original destinations the higher their attractiveness, which supports the effectiveness of the new zoning technique. Four types of tourism zones ranging from higher to lower tourism intensity are also identified.