退耕还林还草政策的法理审视

本文从退耕还林还草的价值定位、法治检视以及退耕还林还草的完善路径等三个方面,对于退耕还林还草的相关政策进行了分析和阐述,并从借鉴国外经验方面探讨了退耕还林还草政策的相关法律机制问题。     

拨子商与近代东蒙的商业圈和物流

本文以拨子商的活动为中心分析近代东蒙的商业圈和物流。拨子商出现于清中叶,拨子商的基地城市位于农牧交错带上。由于清中叶以后农业的北扩,这批基地城市也步步北移。从南到北,货流从边缘城市到牧区,甚至到外蒙。主要的运输动力是骆驼和牛,赶骆驼需要很高的技术。从北到南的主要物流是畜群,特别是羊群。羊群的行走可达8000里。拨子商兴起使得蒙古和内地的社会经济都发生了改变。     

我国草原旅游研究进展

本文通过对已有草原旅游文献的主要研究内容、研究地域、研究方法的分析,认为现有的草原旅游研究内容多集中于开发研究,地域集中,定性方法居多,尚处于起步阶段。今后草原旅游研究应进一步拓展和深化,加强总结,方法多样化,并关注几个重要问题:①草原旅游差异化的开发与科学文化内涵的提升;②草原旅游中相关利益群体的研究;③草原旅游市场与游客行为的研究;④草原旅游与环境保护的协调开发与可持续发展。     

建立我国草原生态环境补偿机制的政策建议

尽管草原退化的趋势逐年加剧,但在目前仍然存在着重林轻草,重政府投入,轻民间参与,重有形价值轻无形生态,重单项治理轻综合治理的倾向,草原生态系统加剧恶化的趋势在相当长地时间内还会作为一种常态存在,寻求长期的、社会多方参与利益共享的、生态生活生产同步的生态环境补偿机制已非常迫切。本文通过对我国草原退化现状和草原与森林生态价值的对比分析,提出了政策建议。     

Pits,mounds, and vernal ponds in a Tasmanian subalpine grassland

Falling trees commonly turbate soils in primary forest, creating characteristic edaphic patterns related to pit and mound topography. Vernal ponds with associated mounds were observed in mineral soils on a treeless plain in subalpine Tasmania, Australia. The hypothesis that paired ponds and mounds on the plain originated as pit and mound features in forests that were later destroyed by fire was tested by comparing the soils and landforms caused by recent tree falls in adjacent forest with those on the plain. The soil characteristics, orientations, and dimensions of the ponds and mounds were consistent with a tree fall origin, although rare secondary ponds on the tops of mounds may derive from the burrowing activities of the medium‐sized marsupial, Vombatus ursinus (common wombat). The characteristics of pond and mound soils suggested that most were hundreds to thousands of years old, with the ponds persisting because of differences in deflation, deposition, and organic matter formation between themselves and adjacent persistently dry land.