马克思实践观中的总体性意蕴

马克思以“实践”为其哲学的核心概念,实现了从传统本体论到现代本体论的重大转变。马克思的“实践本体论”就是以实践为根据去理解人的存在、人的本质、人的思维和人的世界。实践作为人的本质活动,它的目标就是追求和谐与统一、追求人的更加完满的存在方式的实现。不管是从实践的本体意义,还是从实践的过程及其追求目标来看,马克思的实践观中蕴含着丰富的总体性思想。     

试论马克思关于“现实的个人”的总体性

“现实的个人”是马克思新哲学的出发点,它在马克思哲学语境中是一个总体性的范畴。马克思从精神性与自然性、社会性与个体性的统一等诸多方面,揭示了“现实的个人”的总体性内涵;通过对批判原则与建构原则、抽象思维与具体思维、科学原则与价值原则的总体把握,全面揭示了“现实的个人”的总体性,进而打开了通向唯物史观的入口。     

THINKING HISTORICALLY WHEN THE MARGINS BECOME THE CENTER: INTELLECTUAL HISTORY AS HISTORICAL CRITIQUE IN MARTIN JAY'S ESSAYS FROM THE EDGE

This review of Martin Jay's recent published collection of essays examines his ongoing rethinking, supplementation, and revision of central themes—the negative and positive dialectics of historical totalization, the varieties and uses of conceptions of experience, the nature of visual cultures and scopic regimes, and the ambiguities of truth‐construction in the public realm—that have been the focus of his major works since the 1970s. It argues that his more recent work indicates a gradual shift toward an affirmation of the kinds of paratactic and deconstructive thinking of Adorno and Derrida as models for producing appropriate forms of historical consciousness and historical critique in the present, and it raises the question of how the issues of historical truth‐telling, consensual collective identity, ethical action, and the cultural role of the critical intellectual are reformulated in this process.