The equally “bad” French and English farmers of Quebec: New TFP measures from the 1831 census

New TFP estimates drawn from the neglected census of 1831 for Lower Canada are used to test the controversial (but still dominant) traditional “poor French farmers” explanation for a prolonged economic crisis. The new evidence shows that French-speaking areas were equally as productive as English-speaking areas, something that upturns the established consensus and reinforces the minority viewpoint that culture had little to do with the crisis. Using a broad range of controls, the researchers find that this conclusion is robust and that other variables such as settlement recency, environment, and economic structure were much more significant determinants of TFP. These results warrant the abandonment of the cultural explanation and a shift toward other explanatory channels.     

世界史研究发展的当代背景

整体的“世界史”概念是在地区国别史研究的基础上逐步形成的,对“世界体系”认知的热情从来也没有像第二次世界大战以后这样高涨。这种学术现象的出现是以经济发展全球化、生活模式单一化、价值观念趋同的趋势为大背景的。可以认为,真正意义的世界史观念是全球经济一体化不断深化和不同文化交流日益频繁这一形势在历史研究领域引起的反应。作为全球化的逆向思维,强调对话反对对抗,强调联系和交流反对封锁,对各个民族原创文明的探讨成为文化知识界的共识。对多元文明,特别是不同文明之间“联系”的探讨是整体世界史研究发展的又一种深层动力。整体的宏观的世界史研究与地区国别史研究相辅相成、互相促进。现代科技水平和新科技观念迅猛发展,促进了地区国别史、专门史、断代史学者的交流,加强了世界各地学者之间的联系,打破了历史学和其他哲学社会科学学科、甚至自然科学学科之间的壁垒,交叉与对比研究为世界史研究的新发展开辟出无限广阔的空间。     

近80年关于中国本位文化问题论战研究状况综述

20世纪30年代,由10位教授发表的<中国本位的文化建设宣言>一文引发的关于中国文化走向问题的论战,直到今天,仍引起学界不断关注.本文拟对上世纪30年代至今对该问题的研究状况作一考察.20世纪30至70年代,对于该问题基本还谈不上系统研究,只是学者借机发表自己对中西文化问题的见解.上世纪80年代,我国学术界,尤其是大陆学界,对于这场论战,在一致认同其"政治"、"党化"背景的同时,已经有研究者开始关注这场论战发生的时代、社会背景,从"政治"以外的其他角度去考察这场论战.90年代至今,学者们的研究开始超越意识形态框架,而现代化视角的引入,使得这场论战的文化及现代化意义开始渐渐凸显.     

基于旅游生产线的景区容量算法

现行的风景区空间日容量的计算方法往往大大高估了景区容量。本文以游客在景区中的移动行为为出发点,将景区旅游线路类比为旅游生产线,其中游客为工件、景点为工序。利用旅游生产线的平行移动特征,推导出在景区日开放时间内能够完成景区游玩的游客批数。然后,以景区线路中的瓶颈景点容量为批量,该批量与批数相乘即得到了景区容量。旅游生产线理论填补了景区容量计算理论支撑的空白,并使景区容量计算真正的科学化、合理化。     

全站仪代码在田野考古中的运用和研究

全站仪代码对测量数据分类管理有非常重要的作用,本文根据坑南遗址发现的遗迹和遗物的数据属性,编制了一套代码,将其运用于实际测量中。并提出代码编制中的注意事项。     

3D imaging of Skoteino Cave,Crete, Greece: Successes and difficulties

Abstract

Interpreting cave use, especially from antiquity, requires the perception of subterranean space in all dimensions (floor to ceiling to lateral extent) including spatial variability resulting from geological factors. Subterranean conditions, coupled with variable atmospheric conditions, create a special environment not readily conveyed by conventional mapping techniques limited to two-dimensional floor plans. Skoteino Cave in north central Crete, Greece was used as a ritual and refuge site in the Bronze Age and later. Mapping of the cave attempted to depict and interpret prehistoric and historical use of this space by employing two mapping techniques: EDM total station mapping and terrestrial/point cloud laser scanning. Comparisons with earlier methods used to map cave show the advantages and disadvantages of various mapping schemes. To date, this was the first use of three-dimensional (3D) scanning to explore the complex shapes and space of a subterranean archaeological site on Crete (and the second such use in Greece), and this use demonstrates its own consequent successes and difficulties.     

Estimating Historical Total Fertility Rates for Australia and Its States

Abstract.

Australian Bureau of Statistics Total Fertility Rate (TFR) statistics are available from 1921 for Australia, and for census years between 1947 and 1966 for the states, and then on an annual basis from 1971. Using historical, statistical publications, annual TFRs for Australia and the states dating back to federation in 1901 were calculated directly in years where data are available and estimated indirectly via the standardized fertility ratio in other years. For some periods where direct TFR estimation was applied, age-specific births used in the numerators of fertility rates must be estimated from partial data. Combined with Australian Bureau of Statistics data, the authors’ estimated TFRs contribute an uninterrupted time series of national and state TFRs for Australia from 1901 to 2011.     

陈序经的文化“一致与和谐”理论

陈序经在吸收西方文化思想的基础上 ,创立了文化的“一致与和谐”理论。这一理论认为 ,文化在空间和时间上 ,都含有一致与和谐 ;假使两种或两种以上的文化接触起来 ,其结果和趋势也是一致与和谐 ,而程度不等的两种文化相接触 ,则是低者被高者逐渐代替的一致 ;一致与和谐之所以存在 ,是由于创造文化的个人的相同相异造成的。从某种程度上来说 ,正是根据这一理论 ,陈序经得出了他的“全盘西化”观。由于这一理论既有对文化认识的某种合理性 ,又存在着严重的误区 ,那么 ,在此之上的“全盘西化”观也必然具有这样的两面性     

Industrial clusters,organized crime,and productivity growth in Italian SMEs

We examine whether organized crime affects firms’ performance (defined using Total Factor Productivity growth) both directly and indirectly, by downsizing the positive externalities arising from the geographic concentration of (intra‐ and inter‐industry) market‐related firms. The analysis uses a large sample of Italian small‐ and medium‐sized manufacturing firms over the period 2010–2013. The results highlight the negative direct effects of organized crime on firms’ productivity growth. Any positive effect derived from industrial clustering is thoroughly debilitated by a strong presence of organized crime, and the negative moderation effect of organized crime on productivity growth is greater for smaller than for larger firms.     

国力综合评估中的几个问题

本文针对当前国力综合评估中的几个问题,提出了基本国力要素选取、定性指标量化、综合国力指标构建的新思路和具体作法,并结合世界部分国家的情况进行综合国力评估试验,得出了很有价值的结论。