评近年来关于知识分子研究的几本史著

学术界近年来关于知识分子问题的研究呈现三大特点：一,“体验中的理解”,利用研究主客体在血脉、情感上的亲密关系,勉力进入先辈生存的精神家园,以理解他们的所思所言所行;二,“建构中的阐释”,力求在某种独特、精致的理论建构中提出假设,表达观点完成叙述;三,“批判中的反思”,通过广义上的学术批判,对古往今来的士之论士、儒之论儒、知识分子之论知识分子的成果进行反思。此外知识分子研究的方法论问题,也值得引起关注。     

On Usage of the Subjunctive Mood in English

Mood is the kind of contrasts which are of-ten shown by the form of the verb and which express the speaker’s or the writer’s attitude to what is said or written. There arethree kinds of mood of the finite verbs in English. The papermainly deals with the use of the subjunctive mood.     

瞿佑《资治通鉴纲目集览镌误》考述

文章首次披露了瞿佑鲜为人知的《资治通鉴纲目集览镌误》一书的内容与价值。该书的重现,不仅可以进一步探究瞿佑的治学思想与学术视野,还可以窥见瞿佑狱中心态。该书的辗转收藏,也见证了江南私人藏书的兴衰。     

Nerven‐Saiten‐Stimmung. Zum Wandel einer Denkfigur zwischen Musik und Wissenschaft 1750–1850

‘Stimmung’. The Career of a Concept in Music and Science between 1750 and 1850. The German word ‘Stimmung’ originally refers to the musical praxis of tuning instruments. Whereas the English concepts of ‘tonus’ and ‘atunement’ used to describe the physical status of the body developed independently from the psychological ‘mood’, ‘Stimmung’ was used metaphorically in both physiology and psychology in the discussed period. This leads to various interrelations between the areas of knowledge involved. The paper investigates these on a synchronic and diachronic level. By concentrating a) on the analogy between musical strings and nerve fibres within the framework of a mechanistic conception of the body and b) on the metaphoric use of ‘Stimmung’ as a psychological concept describing the general mood of an individual, it becomes evident that the different metaphorical adaptations do not only have consequences within the specific area of knowledge, but also lead to distinct interpretations of musical effect. The second half of the paper concentrates on the diachronic development of ‘Stimmung’ in physiology and analyses the shifts within the semantic field of the metaphor occurring during the transformation from a mechanical to an organic conception of the body. On a theoretical level the emphasis lies on the conceptual potential of vague metaphors and the function of marginal metaphors in periods of theory change. In this context the results question Thomas Kuhns theory of an abrupt, gestaltlike change of theory by emphasizing the importance of continuous shifts within the semantic fields of vague metaphors.     

晚明个性化书法风格形成的因素及审美特质

在晚明黑暗的政治、高度发达的封建经济与资本主义生产萌芽的双重影响下,由于长期的人性压抑使人向往自由与解脱。王阳明“心学”思想的出现,直接影响了以李贽、汤显祖与公安三袁为代表的重个性解放的浪漫主义的文艺思潮,与晚明个性化书法风格作者的人生经历与生活历程相结合,形成了独特的主观艺术思维,从嘉靖开始,出现了尚个性、尚表现、重情感的个性化书法风格,并形成了拙朴、厚重、古雅、姿媚等审美特质。     

清末瘟疫与民众心态

在清末,民众面对瘟疫的心态首先是恐惧,由恐惧而导致迷信,还表现为对现代防疫手段的排拒。在中外杂居地居民的心态则更加复杂,但随着防疫的深化和瘟疫的成功扑灭,民众的心态迅速发生变异,这与公共卫生体系的建立及中外文化交流等因素有联系,器物和制度层面的转型,为公共卫生观念的确立作了铺垫。     

Neurobiographies: Writing Lives in the History of Neurology and the Neurosciences

This essay surveys the present state of biographical writing in the history of neurology and neuroscience. Individual lives play a significant role in practitioner-historians' narratives, whereas academic historians tend to be more nonindividualistic and a-biographical. Autobiographies by neurologists and neuroscientists, and particularly autobiographical collections, are problematic as an historical genre. Neurobiographies proper are published with several aims in mind: some are written as literary entertainment, others as contributions to a cultural and social history of the neurosciences. Eulogy, panegyrics and commemoration play a great role in neurobiographical writing. Some biographies, finally, are written to provide role-models for young neuroscientists, thus reviving the classical, Plutarchian biographical tradition. Finally, a recent cooperative biography of Charcot is mentioned as an example of how the biographical genre can help overcome the alleged dichotomy between the historiographies of practitioner-historians and academic historians.     

Aretaeus on Migraine and Headache

Aretaeus of Cappadocia's classification of headache has been referred to for many centuries. Several Latin translations and an English translation (1856) of his books have been published in the past. We translated the pertinent texts on headache from the Greek text as published by Hude in 1958. In this paper, we present an annotated translation preceded by an outline of contemporary knowledge of headache from Celsus’ De Medicina. Although symptomatic headache was most probably involved in the types of headache identified by Aretaeus and the making of retrospective diagnoses is hazardous, the terms heterocrania and cephalea may be compared with what today we would call migraine and tension type headache respectively.     

“画有尽而意无穷”——略述傅抱石绘画的美学意境和表现方法

傅抱石画作,无论是山水画还是人物画,均能以其独到的审美意境和独特的绘画表现方法给观者以震憾。其存世山水画《平沙落雁》、仕女画《擘阮图》等,充分展示了大师寓意境于景物的审美情趣,精于点墨的笔墨技法,极富感染力的雨景以及融合了日本绘画技法和风格的独特的表现手法。