Stitching Together the Fabric of Industrial Houses: Investigating the Origins and Development of Cotton Workers’ Accommodation in the Derwent Valley,Derbyshire

At the close of the 18th century, the first purpose-built industrial communities connected to mechanised cotton spinning were created in the Derwent Valley, Derbyshire. Across four sites at Cromford, Belper, Milford and Darley Abbey, three mill-owning families constructed a wide variety of purpose-built accommodation in order to house their growing workforces. This article uses a buildings-led approach to investigate the complex influences acting on the form and design of these houses. Through the analysis of historic building fabric, this research demonstrates that workers’ housing in the Derwent Valley comprised both innovative and traditional influences, reflecting the experimental character of early cotton manufacture. Ultimately, this research suggests that the array of approaches to house-building within the valley were the result of a highly nuanced interaction between the agenda, requirements and expectations of both occupant and patron.     

浅谈磁州窑的绘画风格

磁州窑的绘画题材皆为人物、花鸟等人们在日常事生活中所喜闻乐见之俗物,笔法以一笔点划的“实笔”为常法,故其产品深受民间昕爱。     

The Definition of＂Style＂in Linguistics

在语言学中,针对理解他人和被他人理解,文体或语言表达的风格都扮演着一个非常重要的角色。合理正确的使用各种风格可以使我们的交流更加顺畅。为了能够使我们的写作和语言表达更加清楚,有效力及合理,学习不同的文体风格是非常必要的。     

胡适年谱思想略论

胡适在撰写年谱的学术活动中,就年谱体例的发展与创新、年谱的功用与价值、年谱与传记的关系等问题,形成了丰富系统的思想,并对年谱体裁的发展产生了重要影响.胡适认为年谱应该揭示谱主学问思想的变迁沿革与发展脉络,总结其学术地位与学术贡献,年谱不仅要记述谱主的成就,也可以进行评判与批评,指出他的错误与短处.胡适总体上是将年谱视为传记之一种,但也注意到年谱在内容、体例、功用等方面与一般传记又有一定的区别.     

书画鉴定与个案研究

最传统的书画鉴定,靠的是零碎的感性经验,用的是以视觉印象对照待鉴作品的比较方法,而对书画在历史承传中发展的系统知识及相应的视觉把握,需要较长时间的积累,因此传统的鉴定每每陷入先入为主和少见多怪的误区。现代的书画鉴定引进了美术史的风格概念,把时代风格和个人风格作为鉴定方法论的主要依据,使大体依赖感性认识的鉴定眼光,变为讲求方法和理性认识的学问。虽然在鉴定实践中,首先要看时代风格,而后再看个人风格。但时代风格包含在个人风格之中,大家的个人风格又会左右一个时代的风气。所以把握风格应从研究著名书画家个人风格入手,即为把握风格而进行书画家个案研究,以便为鉴定积累翔实系统而扎实有据的样板系列,让临场鉴定奠立在坚实的学术研究的基础上。个案研究要根据具体对象使用不完全相同的方法,本文亦就此进行了有关研究方法和研究程序的讨论。     

河南北宋壁画墓的题材及艺术特色

北宋墓室壁画是宋代绘画的重要组成部分,题材有日常生活、孝行故事、超度升仙和装饰性画面等四类,布局、构图都遵循一定的程式,但构思巧妙、技法多变,体现了北宋绘画艺术的丰富多彩与繁荣昌盛。     

Darwinian Evolutionism Is Applicable to Historical Archaeology

Over the past decade or so, an increasing number of archaeologists have begun to show interest in employing Darwinian evolutionary theory to explain variations in the material record. Epistemological and methodological issues surrounding the implementation of Darwinian evolutionism in archaeology are numerous, the most basic of which is that Darwinism embodies a materialist perspective, whereas archaeology traditionally has maintained an essentialist outlook. Stemming from this dichotomy are fundamental differences in such things as how units are created and how they are used to measure change. As archaeologists grapple with these issues, specific examples of how Darwinian evolutionism can be used to build historical narratives and create historical explanations are appearing with more frequency, but with few exceptions, proponents have focused specifically on the prehistoric record. This gives the impression that Darwinian evolutionism is not applicable to the more-recent material record, which is decidedly not the case. The kind of evolutionism proposed here transcends the age of the record under investigation.     

关于河姆渡原始艺术的探讨

河姆渡艺术研究应结合其他文物的考证,将其置于特定的历史和文化背景之中,通过对艺术现象的考察,探索其形成的原因、艺术特色、风格特征。