Statecraft,Scalecraft and Urban Planning: A Comparative Study of Birmingham,UK, and Brisbane,Australia

Recent discussions on state rescaling have pointed towards the need for a greater focus on how and why state activity may change over time in order to generate insights into the provenance, trajectories and outcomes of rescaling in different global regions and national state spaces. Consequently, this paper explores the dialectical and recursive relationship between the concepts of “statecraft” and “scalecraft” to explore the evolving sites, objects and mechanisms for urban planning within two key urban centres in different parts of the world—Birmingham, UK, and Brisbane, Australia. It is illustrated how a range of actors—from the national to the local level—have sought to craft and reshape the strategies and structures for urban planning according to different imperatives. In turn, the implications for a tighter specifying of the process of state rescaling are considered, as well as the subsequent nature of urban planning arrangements.     

晚明复社的社会活动与社会思想——兼论复社学术的经世取向

晚明文人结社,尤以复社规模最巨,影响最大,活动最频繁.复社的社会活动具有明显的时代特色和政治取向.与复社社会活动形成鲜明照映的是复社的社会思想和经世学术.社会思想在诸如经世济民、名节道义方面,都体现出强烈的社会历史意义;而学术体系中的经学、史学成绩皆有着深刻的经世内涵.复社的社会思想与学术取向,在明清之际的社会转变中,具有不可或缺的、承前启后的重大历史意义.     

Grand vizieral authority revisited: Köprülüs’ legacy and Kara Mustafa Paşa

In response to the recently expanding ‘renewal of faith’ literature and religion-based approaches to the Ottoman seventeenth century, this article sources the many available Ottoman chronicles and European diplomatic reports to shed light on the accumulation of full executive power in the hands of Köprülü grand viziers, starting from 1656. I demonstrate that, by the time Kara Mustafa Pa?a assumed the grand vizierate in 1676, the achievements of Köprülü Mehmed Pa?a and, more remarkably, his son Faz?l Ahmed Pa?a, had elevated the post of the grand vizierate to a practically unrivalled status in the Ottoman decision-making process. Further, I illustrate that Kara Mustafa Pa?a had already established himself as a self-assured individual in Ottoman bureaucracy long before he became the grand vizier. In conclusion, the article directs readers to reconsider Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pa?a’s ambitious undertakings – especially the siege of Vienna – as a combined outcome of the decision-making patterns established by the first two Köprülüs, coupled with the self-assurance that Kara Mustafa Pa?a had attained long before his appointment as the sultan’s ‘absolute deputy’.     

“通经”以何“致用”——龚自珍、魏源西北研究之比较

道成之际,经世致用之风重新兴起,西北史地研究渐成“显学”。龚自珍、魏源关于西北史地的研究以及开发西北、经营西北的思想体现了他们的经世意识,也具有一些近代意识。二人西北研究的经世目的、政策有很大的相似之处,也由于经历与时代的不完全相同而在经营西北、抵制侵略的策略上有明显差异。他们关于西北的历史、地理、风俗、制度、人17、文化的基础性研究,不仅对于历史、今天的西部开发有重要价值,而且为后世树立了榜样。     

曾国藩、李鸿章西洋武器观念差异之分析

曾国藩、李鸿章在对西洋武器的观念上有着明显的差异,曾国藩被动消极、李鸿章则积极主动;曾国藩侧重于"人",李鸿章则侧重于"器"。此种差异的形成主要是由于两人个性性格、思维方式和实践经验等三个方面的原因,这种差异折射了时代变迁的轨迹,而分析这种差异对于分析洋务运动之成败有一定的参考意义。     

Not-so-new silk roads: Japan's foreign policies on Asian connectivity infrastructure under the radar

Scholarly narratives concerning China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) tend to contextualise this project within China's rivalry with the United States and Japan. Such interpretations often reduce and misconstrue Japan's initiatives in Asian infrastructure finance as mere reactivity to China's advances. This paper will showcase Japan's own foreign and financial policies regarding infrastructure in Asia and the New Silk Road regions since the end of the Cold War. I argue that Japan's presence in that field is underappreciated and under-researched, as Japan's infrastructural footprint in the New Silk Road significantly pre-dates the BRI. Furthermore, I stress the fact that Japan's foreign policy in Asian infrastructure finance featured important cooperative postures toward China, especially within multilateral development banks. The paper makes a contribution to emerging scholarship on the BRI—often reliant on strategic communications and projections—by highlighting Japan's role in regional infrastructure to show how our understanding of international relations and international political economy in Asia can be better informed by economic history and area studies.     

Structural Features of the Stone-Built T'ing-Pagoda

This article examines representations of Music Master Kuang in early Chinese historical and philosophical texts. Music Master Kuang was entirely blind, at a time when people with disabilities suffered serious discrimination. However, in spite of his handicap, he was able not merely to become a fine musician, but also served as a key advisor to two rulers of Jin, Lord Dao (r. 573–558 BCE) and his son, Lord Ping (r. 557–532 BCE), and in some texts is said to have acted as their prime minister. In achieving this transition, he is unique among Music Masters of the period. This article classifies the stories told about him into two main thematic groups, as a musician and as a statesman, to show the way in which music was related to statecraft through the persona of an individual who was both a highly respected government minister and a noted performer on the qin.     

时移势变：论包世臣与常州士人的交往及经世思想的嬗变

嘉道之际,考据学仍在发展,经世思潮正在兴起.作为经世思潮初期中心人物,包世臣并非孤独的独行者,他与常州士人关系极为密切,自视"常州同党",他的用世精神得到常州士人的呼应,从而在江南形成了颇有声势的经世思潮.包世臣经世之道以取得实效为宗旨,故他不愿持论过高,而是主要针对具体时政而论,正因为如此,随着社会矛盾焦点的转移,他思考问题的重心也随之改变,相应的对策也发生变化.     

乾嘉学派的经世致用思想及其表达方式

乾嘉时期学者对"经世致用"的诉求依然强烈,只是迫于当时的文化高压,采取了迂回曲折方式,进行了别样表达:以积极的姿态,寻找出当时最可行、合"法"的"考据"治学方式;循着稽古—通经—明道—救世的治学路径,探寻经典本义,实现其学术"经世"的终极目的;通过对"汉学"旗帜的高扬和对"宗""源"的强调,迂回表达出他们对清庭"非正统"统治的不满和揶揄,折射出意识形态上的抗争。     

Uprisings,Migrations, and Ethnic Identity： A Study of the Kaxabu in the Taiwan Borderland during the Qing

The earliest written record of the term “Kaxabu” dates to the 1908 survey report by the Japanese scholar Ino Kanori. In his study of the Pazzehe tribe in central Taiwan, he wrote： “Kaxabu was the name given by the Pazzehe to Daiyao＇puru, a small division of its ethnic group.” During the Qing era, the Pazzehe was called the Anli group by Chinese speakers in Taiwan, while the Kaxabu were named Puzili she （the Puzili tribe）. Since the Kaxabu originated from the Pazzehe, thus in determining the time when the Kaxabu became distinct from the Pazzehe and in exploring the differences between them, we will also elucidate historical developments before the Japanese colonial era. Using Qing historical materials such as travelogues, expedition-records, newspapers, data from fieldwork, surveys, and interviews, this study traces the intervention of the Qing court into tribal relationships in central Taiwan, beginning with the Dajiaxi she Incident （1731-32）, it touches on the changing environment of the Kaxabu/ Puzili she in their migrations in order to shed light on the development of the two distinctive identities-the Kaxabu and Pazzehe/Anli group. The analysis also reveals the impact of uprisings and migrations upon the border area surrounding Qing Taiwan, as well as problems of ethnic identification and geography.