Towards inclusive tourism? Stakeholder collaboration in the development of accessible tourism

ABSTRACT

Stakeholder collaboration is increasingly being lauded as important in the development of accessible tourism. The purpose of this study is to explore how stakeholders collaborate in the development of accessible tourism. Drawing on research conducted in Western Australia, the study utilises qualitative approaches in its exploration. The evidence from the study strongly indicates that there is minimal collaboration between stakeholders in the development of accessible tourism. The findings suggest that when there are multiple and diverse stakeholders at play, an organic, circulatory and developmental approach to stakeholder collaboration should be adopted to innovatively move towards inclusive tourism – an ideal that aspires to equal access and inclusion for all. To this end, four emergent interrelated themes are considered: control and coordination, communication, clarity of roles and responsibilities and collaboration and integration. From these themes, a framework that can be applied to encourage collaboration is proposed.     

我国古典诗歌传统对新诗的影响

从"五四"运动到今天,新诗已经走过了80多年的历程。这一历史进程曲折复杂而又历尽艰辛,从文化传统和美学的角度看,新诗与古典诗歌不但没有不可逾越的鸿沟,而且有着谁也不能割断的民族的血缘。我国古典诗歌传统对新诗有着深远的影响。     

洪业对顾颉刚的学术影响

洪业对崔述《知非集》、《荍田剩笔》等著作进行研究,系统梳理了崔述著作的版本流传、学术思想和生平事迹,这对顾颉刚整理和编订《崔东壁遗书》是有价值的。洪业主持的哈佛燕京学社引得编纂处支持了顾颉刚的《尚书》研究。在《禹贡》半月刊、禹贡学会的创立和以通俗读物的形式宣传抗日的工作中,洪业作出了自己的贡献,这些都对顾颉刚的学术产生了有意义的影响。     

论中国古代治边思想的特点、演变和影响

古代治边思想大体形成于秦汉,发展和延续至清代,其内涵是动态变化的,经历了从肤浅到成熟的过程,各个时期的治边思想又有其特色。古代治达思想总体上有两个基本的特点：统治对开疆拓土多持相对保守的态度,认为理想的边疆治理是“守在四夷”;从“华夷有别”的治边观出发,在边疆地区施行相对宽松的羁縻统治,同时重视在边疆传播封建化的教化作用。章还以封建统治对边疆民族的治策和对边疆的经济开发为例,阐述了古代治达思想对边疆治策的广泛影响。     

INTELLECTUAL HISTORY CONFRONTS THE LONGUE DURÉE

This review of John Potts's Ideas in Time: The Longue Durée in Intellectual History discusses the advantages and disadvantages of writing intellectual histories that embrace the longue durée. It applauds Potts's concise account of historiographical discussions of continuity and discontinuity in the history of ideas in the last seventy-five years but laments his failure to discuss the contributions of historians of science and scholarship to the practices of knowledge-making and to the transmission of ideas. It suggests that the study of discontinuities can also be rich and revealing, and it proposes one approach to understanding the ways in which ideas go out of fashion. It concludes by noting, first, that the models that contemporary historians of ideas adopt also have to do with book-market opportunities and pressures and, second, that we have work to do to engage our contemporaries and students in whatever form of intellectual history we choose to write.     

Evaluating Stakeholder Participation and Influence on State-Level Rulemaking

Despite sustained attention to the role of stakeholders in policymaking—both in legislative and regulatory venues—we lack a systematic understanding of whether and when stakeholders wield influence over decisions. This is particularly true regarding state-level rulemaking in the United States, which has become an important venue of policy action as federal policymaking is increasingly stymied. Although the specifics of the rulemaking process vary to some degree across states, determining whether common patterns of stakeholder influence exist across states and issue areas can advance our understanding of regulatory institutions more broadly. This study contributes to the growing body of scholarship on state-level rulemaking by analyzing the ways in which stakeholders participate in rulemaking processes and the effects on rulemaking decisions of such participation in three policy domains across five states. We find that while industry may be influential during rulemaking across cases, consequential opportunities for non-industry stakeholders to influence regulatory decisions also exist.     

The Challenge to ‘Informal’ Empire: Argentina,Chile and British Policy-Makers in the Immediate Aftermath of the First World War

From the late nineteenth century, both Argentina and Chile were integral parts of Britain’s ‘informal’ empire in Latin America. It has been suggested by historians that this ‘informal empire’ came to an end around the mid-twentieth century. By analysing contemporary sources from within the British government and the findings of later economic historians, it is the purpose of this article to contest this viewpoint. It will instead argue that the end of ‘informal’ empire in these countries was a direct consequence of the First World War, and that the decline in British influence in the region was registered by British policy-makers much earlier than has previously been argued.     

Engaging Local Knowledge in Biodiversity Research: Experiences from Large Inter- and Transdisciplinary Projects

Abstract

The management of biodiversity represents a research topic that needs to involve not only several (sub-) disciplines from the natural sciences but, in particular, also the social sciences and humanities. Furthermore, over the last couple of years, the need for the integration of other kinds of knowledge (experience based or indigenous knowledge) is increasingly acknowledged. For instance, the incorporation of such knowledge is indispensable for place-based approaches to sustainable land management, which require that the specific ecological and social context is addressed. However, desirable as it may be, such an engagement of the holders of tacit knowledge is not easy to achieve. It demands reconciling well-established scientific procedural standards with the implicit or explicit criteria of relevance that apply in civil society — a process that typically causes severe tensions and comes up against both habitual as well as institutional constraints. The difficulty of managing such tensions is amplified particularly in large integrated projects and represents a major challenge to project management. At the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research — UFZ, several integrated research projects have been conducted over the past years in which experience has been gained with these specific challenges. This paper presents some of the lessons learned from large integrated projects, with an emphasis on project design and management structure. At the centre of the present contribution are experiences gained in the coordination and management of LEGATO (LEGATO stands for Land-use intensity and Ecological EnGineering — Assessment Tools for risks and Opportunities in irrigated rice based production systems, see www.legato-project.net), an ongoing, large-scale, inter- and transdisciplinary research project dealing with the management of irrigated rice landscapes in Southeast Asia. In this project, local expertise on traditional production systems is absolutely crucial but needs to be integrated with natural and social science research to identify future-proof land management systems.     

论严复对蔡元培教育思想的影响

严复是近代名的启蒙思想家,蔡元培是近代名的教育家。作为思想启蒙,严复对教育的认识直接和明显地影响着蔡元培“五育”教育、“男女平等教育”、“思想自由、兼容并包”、“美育代宗教”等教育思想的形成和发展n但这种影响不是全盘的接收,而是学习中的改造和借鉴中的超越。     

日本新感觉派及其对中国文学的影响

日本新感觉派形成于20世纪20年代中期,强调主观感觉在创作中的重要作用。它诞生之初,就在日本文坛掀起轩然大波,论争主要围绕新感觉派的创作方法展开。日本新感觉派对中国文学创作产生过两次影响,第一次是20年代末30年代初,以刘呐鸥、穆时英、施蛰存为代表的新感觉派小说,他们较多从文体和创作技法上吸收;第二次是80年代贾平凹、莫言和余华等人的创作,巧妙汲取日本新感觉派的风韵,化入到作品肌髓。