卫三畏的汉学观

卫三畏是近代中关关系史上的重要人物,是美国的第一位汉学教授。他从观念形态、精神产品、生活方式等方面对中国进行了研究,认为中国是一个具有高度文明的国家,但在科学上是保守的,在生活上是落后的。     

论美国早期汉学研究

美国汉学兴起于19世纪中叶,起步虽晚,但发展迅速。早期美国汉学研究有两个显著的特征：一是以来华传教士为主体。裨治文、卫三畏是其中主要代表。他们精通中文,熟悉中国历史文化,汉学研究水平之高、程度之深、范围之广是前所未有的。二是注重中国现实特别是关注中国近代化问题的研究,从而开启了美国汉学注重现实的先河,使汉学研究摆脱了欧洲汉学古典规范的束缚。但早期美国汉学也存在着缺乏专职性和研究群体单一性的严重不足。     

江村治树及其汉学研究

日本汉学一直是国际汉学研究的重镇之一,其起步之早,研究范围之广,成就之高,一直为学术界公认。日本当代著名汉学家、古文字学家、古钱币学家江村治树专致于秦汉古代史研究,学术态度严谨,学术方法多样化,学术成果丰富,本文从江村治树的生平、著作、治学方法的角度出发,试图对其汉学研究做一个较为完整的介绍和分析。     

近年来西方汉学清史研究若干范式

西方汉学界近半个世纪的清代历史研究受到三大理论即现代化理论、全球史观和后现代主义的强烈影响,社会学、人类学和政治学等社会科学的概念方法也影响西方汉学家研究清代历史时的选题和解释路数。西方清史研究先后兴起了五种重要历史编撰范式:现代化理论视野下的晚清史编撰、世界历史与清社会转型研究、以中国为中心的清史、清季国家与社会关系研究、后现代式的清史研究等等。了解西方汉学界的清史研究近年来发展的脉络有助于我们自己的清史研究。     

John Francis Davis as governor and diplomat on the China Coast (1844–1848)

This paper explores the role of the nineteenth-century sinologist-cum-diplomat, John Francis Davis, in Sino-British relations after the ratification of the Treaty of Nanjing in 1843. It examines his time as governor of Hong Kong and as Britain's effective minister to China from 1844 until 1848, in which he attempted to have the city of Canton opened to foreign trade. Arguing that Davis's view of Sino-British relations was as cultural in character as it was political, this paper suggests that Davis fundamentally sought to establish strict equality between the two empires. He attempted to use his knowledge of Chinese civilization to build an equal international relationship between two sovereign nations rather than an imperial relationship between a conqueror and the conquered people. While this conviction laid the groundwork for Hong Kong to become a bilingual Anglo-Chinese colony, it fractured diplomacy with Qing officials. Davis's insistence on political equality would amount to an aggressive imposition of European diplomatic norms on his dealings with the Qing representative Qiying. More precisely, the paper explains how the policies of this archetypal British ‘China Hand’ bifurcated in the directions of both progressive cultural policy but also gunboat diplomacy.