光绪时期盛京围场捕牲定制的困境

盛京围场自清初设置后,从资源环境基础出发,制定了一套严密制度,“捕牲贡鲜”是盛京围场的主要职责。至光绪年间,因人12增加后的偷牲私砍以及逐渐展开的放垦围场,使得鹿群存活量急剧减少,捕牲制度陷入被动尴尬的困境。尽管清廷多方设法加以调整,但终致无鹿可捕,捕牲定制难以执行,围场放垦。     

《史记志疑》点校举疑

清代学者梁玉绳的《史记志疑》久为世重,贺次君先生点校本由中华书局出版以来,成为最通行的版本,但颇有疏误。     

唐代长安译语人

中国古代历代王朝政府为便于与外国及周边各族交往。往往在中央及地方设有翻书译语一类的;职。唐代长安的译语人就是这样一种官职,主要见于鸿胪寺及中书省两个机构中．职位虽不显,但在各个接寺环节都不可少。由于语言上的优势．常由胡人担任．其在处理外交事务的过程中起着十分重要的作用。     

Peculiar Living Shrines and Yuan Governance as Background to Ming Populism

Although post-mortem apotheosis and secular honor in temples have received more attention, shrines to living men were also ordinary institutions from Han times onwards in Chinese history. Previous scholarship so far on pre-mortem shrines in Tang and Song relates them to pre-mortem commemoration in inscribed records of local commendation on the one hand and Neo-Confucian Daoxue Shrines to Local Worthies on the other. That scholarly work suggests that Tang and Song premortem shrines when political were basically elite institutions; and that when common people were involved their motivations were religious rather than political. In Ming times, by contrast, premortem shrines were normatively established by commoners and constituted a venue for popular political participation, while the steles commemorating the shrines explicitly argued that non-elite people had the right to political speech. This article speculates, as a hypothesis awaiting further research, that both Yuan modes of government generally, and creative uses of premortem enshrinement in Yuan times specifically, may have contributed to Ming populism.