书画鉴定与个案研究

最传统的书画鉴定,靠的是零碎的感性经验,用的是以视觉印象对照待鉴作品的比较方法,而对书画在历史承传中发展的系统知识及相应的视觉把握,需要较长时间的积累,因此传统的鉴定每每陷入先入为主和少见多怪的误区。现代的书画鉴定引进了美术史的风格概念,把时代风格和个人风格作为鉴定方法论的主要依据,使大体依赖感性认识的鉴定眼光,变为讲求方法和理性认识的学问。虽然在鉴定实践中,首先要看时代风格,而后再看个人风格。但时代风格包含在个人风格之中,大家的个人风格又会左右一个时代的风气。所以把握风格应从研究著名书画家个人风格入手,即为把握风格而进行书画家个案研究,以便为鉴定积累翔实系统而扎实有据的样板系列,让临场鉴定奠立在坚实的学术研究的基础上。个案研究要根据具体对象使用不完全相同的方法,本文亦就此进行了有关研究方法和研究程序的讨论。     

The Role of Reading in EFL Writing Curriculum

As an attempt to explore the role of reading in EFL writing classes,the paper aims to prove appropriate reading sections can contribute to writing improvement in EFL context and provide a series of EFL writing instructional recommendations based on the analysis of theoretical and pedagogical perspectives associated with the relationship between reading and writing,the contributions of reading in EFL writing classes as well as the critical reviews of reading-assisted writing.     

部门管理人员感知的组织支持与组织氛围对旅游企业员工角色压力的影响

欧美学者普遍认为,角色压力是影响员工服务态度和服务行为的一个极为重要的因素,包括角色负担、角色冲突、角色模糊等3个组成成分.本文对我国11个地区的33个旅游企业进行了一次实证研究,检验部门管理人员感知的组织支持、企业的支持型领导氛围、授权氛围和员工服务行为评估氛围对员工角色模糊的影响.多层次线性模型分析结果表明,部门管理人员感知的组织支持会通过企业的支持型领导氛围,间接影响员工感知的角色模糊.企业的支持型领导氛围会通过企业的授权氛围,间接影响员工感知的角色模糊.此外,部门管理人员感知的企业支持还会调节员工感知的角色负担和角色冲突对他们的角色模糊的影响.     

‘Assisting you to become a local’: NGOs and constructed foreign spouses in Eastern Taiwan

As social and cultural contexts change and globalization spreads, the number of transnational-marriage migrants mainly from Southeast Asia has increased in Taiwan. Using institutional ethnography, this article investigates the roles of local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and projects aimed at helping foreign spouses to adapt to their new life. I mainly elaborate that NGOs emerge as important actors in assisting and empowering transnational spouses to ‘become locals’. In empowerment projects, foreign spouses are given a voice to elaborate themselves. However, this article elaborates that these projects are a scheme of education to shape each such migrant into a proper ‘Taiwanese wife/mother/daughter-in-law’. Also, these projects particularly promote ‘exoticism’ of migrants and become key sources of how local people understand the images of ‘foreign spouses’. As a result, though NGOs play positive roles in empowering foreign spouses, we need to be aware that NGOs’ efforts may ironically become a mechanism to strengthen transnational spouses’ gender roles and cultural stereotypes.     

统计视角下的旅游业思考

从统计视角来界定旅游概念是旅游研究中达成共识的一种可行选择。本文以统计为视角,对旅游的基本概念进行了分析并对这一概念的优缺点进行了说明。然后从中国旅游统计的基本情况、主要特点、面临的困难、旅游卫星账户以及中国旅游统计发展的大体思路等几个方面对中国旅游业的测度进行了阐释。最后,从统计视角出发,对旅游研究中的一些错误观点进行了纠正。     

侗族百家宴非遗文化旅游空间生产中的角色实践:基于“角色—空间”理论分析框架

角色与空间互构视野下,研究聚焦文化空间这一空间类型,将角色理论与文化空间理论和空间生产理论对接,运用研究整合法构建了“角色-空间”理论分析框架。在此基础上,研究以文化空间类非遗--广西侗族百家宴为研究对象,以广西三江侗族自治县程阳八寨景区岩寨为案例地,关注旅游开发后侗族百家宴非遗文化旅游空间生产中的角色建构、角色扮演、角色情境定义等角色实践问题,以及角色实践视野下侗族百家宴非遗文化旅游空间生产的结果。这对于提高传统角色理论在空间问题研究上的解释力、促进角色理论的空间转向,拓展文化空间理论和空间生产理论的角色面向,以及在微观实践层面上明确侗族百家宴文化空间保护与旅游化生存策略具有较大裨益。     

FROM LEFT‐WING TO COMMUNIST MELANCHOLY: TRAVERSO'S WAGER

Enzo Traverso's inspired book Left‐Wing Melancholia revisits iconic representations of revolutionary hopes and defeats not to draw up an inventory of what has been lost but rather to remind his readers that past defeats also contain the traces of unfulfilled possibilities. After the end of the Soviet Union and the global triumph of neoliberal capitalism, the communist utopian imagination of a classless society, Traverso suggests, can be reignited through memorial practices of resilient, resistant melancholy. Traverso's argument draws on Walter Benjamin's notions of materialist history, redemptive memory, and knowing melancholy. Yet the nameless vanquished masses to whom Benjamin's concept of history seeks to do justice remain marginal in Traverso's book. Instead, revolutionary defeat is cast in the tragic mold of succeeding by failing, a trope exemplified by figures such as Auguste Blanqui, Charles Péguy, or Daniel Bensaïd. In response to Traverso's reliance on the transhistorical category of the tragic, this essay argues for a more abstractly theoretical understanding of left‐wing melancholy as conditioned by historically specific class relations that constrain and challenge the engaged intellectual. Moreover, this essay questions Traverso's dualistic treatment of politically committed (Benjamin, Brecht, C. L. R. James) and elitist intellectuals (Adorno) and concludes that the concept of left‐wing melancholy must ultimately be interrogated against the backdrop of a lingering uncertainty about the relationship between theory and praxis that, as Adorno claims, one can already find in Karl Marx—an uncertainty that is hence inscribed into the history of any Marxist theory of revolution and history.     

清末民初农会组织述论

清末民初的农会组织大体经历了酝酿、兴起、发展、隐退四个阶段.其基本结构表现为组成了一个层层连接的直属组织系统;建立了较为完备的领导体制;实行了严格的民主选举制度、议事办事原则以及定期的会议制度等.呈现出组织制度的近代民主性、一定程度的自治性、成员构成的复杂性、机构权限的官督性等基本特点.所从事的活动内容相当广泛,主要表现为编辑农报,翻译农书;创办农业学堂;开办农业试验场;举行农产品评会,设立陈列所;开展调查研究;向主管官署建议农业改良进行事宜,等等.这对推动近代中国农业发展具有重要的影响与作用.     

个人发展问题在马克思唯物史观中的地位

马克思从个体视角考察人类历史的基本思想包括：人类历史的前提是有生命的个人的存在,人们的社会历史始终只是他们的个体发展的历史,人类总体的进步、社会历史的发展,最终都落脚在每一个体的发展上,未来社会是每个个人都得到全面自由发展的联合体,本文从这些方面说明了个人发展问题在马克思唯物史观中的作用.