1850-1880年越南社会整合情况之分析

近代越南社会的政治制度日趋僵化和阮氏王朝统治者的因循守旧 ,历史上固有的家族和村社制导致了狭隘的价值利益观的形成 ,基督教在越南的传播和发展而滋生出的新的矛盾和冲突 ,这些因素交相并织 ,妨碍了近代越南社会的整合 ,加剧了封建制度的危机 ,引起社会的急速衰退并最终沦为法国的殖民地     

试析夏同龢《状元策论答卷》的政治哲学思想

夏同龢为贵州历史上两个状元之一,其《状元策论答卷》与光绪帝当时维新变法的思想相近,从“求才”、“经武”、“绥远”、“理财”四个方面阐述了执政及变法之要,通篇洋溢着爱国、务实、变革、维新的思想,有较深刻的政治哲学思想。     

Patterning in procurement of obsidian in Chaco Canyon and in Chaco-era communities in New Mexico as revealed by X-ray fluorescence

X-ray fluorescence analysis of obsidian artifacts from sites located in Chaco Canyon and from three Chaco-era communities in New Mexico permits determination of their geological origin. These source data are used to describe patterning in obsidian procurement in sites located in Chaco Canyon dating from A.D. 500–1150, and in a three non-Canyon communities occupied during the period of Chaco Canyon's regional prominence (ca. A.D. 875–1150). These data demonstrate that the most proximate sources generally dominate the sourced obsidian assemblages from sites of all periods, but also suggest differences in procurement patterning both over time and across space. Within Chaco Canyon, there is a notable shift from Mount Taylor obsidian to use of Jemez Mountains sources over time. These data also suggest that earlier analyses of obsidian from sites in Chaco Canyon misidentified some obsidian artifact sources; these new data indicate the central areas of disagreement and provide a revision of procurement patterning. In the Chaco-era communities located outside Chaco Canyon, procurement patterning diverges. The Blue J community shows an increase in use of the nearby Mount Taylor source over time. Two communities located toward the southern extent of the Chaco great house distribution reveal a markedly distinct procurement pattern, obtaining nearly all of their obsidian from southern sources largely unrepresented at Chaco Canyon. Combined, these data provide new insights into raw material procurement and artifact production at sites in Chaco Canyon, and in communities occupied during the Chaco Phenomenon, the period of the Canyon's greatest regional influence.     

从刘庄、南街、竹林集体经济的发展看"两个飞跃"思想的科学性

"两个飞跃"是一个完整的历史过程,实现第二个飞跃是农业发展的方向和必然趋 势。河南农村共同致富的典型--刘庄、南街、竹林,从发展村镇企业入手,促进农业现代化生 产,增强集体经济实力,并且在农民收入增加的过程中,集体收入比重占据绝对优势。这种既适应 了科学种田和生产社会化需要、又推动了适度规模经营和集体经济发展的成功实践,充分说明了 "两个飞跃"思想的科学性。     

“As Though There Was No Boundary”: the Shipshaw Project and Continental Integration

This essay reads Munro’s 2001 story collection as embodiment of her artistic accomplishment. Beginning with a 1952 internal Canadian Broadcasting Corporation reader noting “evocative and luminous phrases” in two of Munro’s earliest stories, it argues that such phrases have informed Munro’s fiction throughout her career. In Hateship, these phrasings are key to “Family Furnishings,” “Hateship, Friendship, Courtship, Loveship, Marriage,” “Post and Beam,” “The Bear Came Over the Mountain,” and especially “Nettles.” There Munro structures her stories around “real facts in the making,” combining autobiographical facts and situations with her imaginative renderings of them. This collection reveals Munro at the height of her accomplished art.     

社会主义市场经济中的中国税制改革

1992年,具有伟大历史意义的中国共产党第十二次全国代表大会确定了中国经济体制改革的目标是建立社会主义市场经济体制。为此,中国于1994年实施了新中国成立以来规模最大、范围最广、内容最深刻的一次税制改革。经过这次税制改革和9年来的逐步完善,中国已经初步建立了适应社会主义市场经济体制需要的税收制度,对于保证财政收入、加强宏观调控、深化改革、扩大开放、促进经济与社会的发展起到了重要的作用。回顾1992年以来中国税制改革、发展的情况,目的在于真实地反映11年来中国税制发展的历程和取得的成就,总结经验,为今后中国税制的进一步改革与发展提供借鉴。     

试论泰沂山北侧地区的大汶口文化

泰沂山北侧是大汶口文化分布区的重要组成部分。本文从典型遗址的分析入手,进而对该地区大汶口文化的分期、年代、区域特征、与周围地区的文化联系等问题,进行了较为系统的分析和探讨,提出了具体的分期及类型划分意见。     

The Challenges of Managing an Archaeological Heritage Site in a Declining Economy: The Case of Khami World Heritage Site in Zimbabwe

Abstract

This paper explores the case of the Khami archaeological site, whose degradation by the local communities in recent years was as a result of socio-economic problems caused by the collapse of the Zimbabwean economy combined with the inability of the Zimbabwean government to support the site. We argue that the negative attitude by the local communities towards the management of cultural heritage sites is embedded in the colonial history of the country, and has been driven by the socio-economic difficulties emanating from the collapse of the Zimbabwean economy in recent years. We begin by explaining the history of Khami, its architecture, and the local communities residing around it. We then show and assert that the subsequent degradation of Khami and the landscape around it by the local communities is linked to the socio-economic problems of the country and poverty, which emanated from the collapse of the Zimbabwean economy. In the end, we contend that the economic constraints are part of the reasons why the local communities have from time to time failed to respect the importance of protecting cultural heritage sites in the country.