Research collaboration beyond the boundary: Evidence from university patents in China

Geographical distance constitutes friction in searching for research collaborators. Taking advantage of a quasinatural experiment featured by High-Speed Railway (HSR) lines in China, this paper employs the difference-in-differences model to identify the causal impact of a substantial improvement in the intercity transportation infrastructure on collaborative innovation across cities. The data pertain to a universe of patent applications filed by Chinese universities and their citations. We find that HSR contributes to a substantial increase in the innovation quantity and quality of collaborative patenting innovation between universities and corporates. It contributes to industry collaboration by utilizing university academic disciplines in the related technology fields. Lastly, HSR facilitates universities to search for new research partners with better quality beyond the geographical boundary.     

Railway Architecture: The Great Northern Railway (Ireland) at Dundalk

ABSTRACT

This article is adapted from the dissertation ‘Railway Architecture: The Great Northern Railway (Ireland) at Dundalk’, completed by Siobhan Osgood for the MPhil in Art History: Art + Ireland, where it was awarded a distinction. The study provides an historical analysis in the context of architectural development and broader railway culture in Ireland to provide an interpretation and understanding of the use of polychromatic yellow, red and black brickwork to create a visual identity for railway architecture. The use of accented colours to pick out key features is repeated across a series of buildings, thus creating a distinctive style of ‘brick-branding’. These are most prominent in the town of Dundalk, where the GNRI had its central engineering works at the halfway point on the Dublin to Belfast mainline and at the point where the Irish North line extended west and north. The buildings were each intricately designed by the GNRI's first chief engineer, William Hemingway Mills, a second-generation railway engineer who merged the roles of architect and engineer using an amalgamation of architectural designs from his earlier career in Derby, Scotland, Mexico and Spain. Mills thus created his own ‘Millsian’ style of industrial architectural design.     

Political chess and vernacular discursive strategies: A study of the late Qing Sichuan Railway Protection Movement

ABSTRACT

Interdisciplinary literary and historical studies of late Qing vernacular are rare, and the vernacular texts of the Sichuan Railway Protection Movement have been overlooked by academics. This paper focuses on this topic, arguing that the discursive strategies in such texts revolved around the movement's aim of “breaking the agreement and protecting the railway,” and primarily included discourses on constitutionalism, financial interests, patriotism, cultural order, and the late emperor, as well the ideas of “ridding the emperor of evil ministers,” borrowed from traditional Chinese political discourses, and “national subjugation,” within the context of the national crisis. None of these discourses were “anti-Manchu” or “revolutionary,” yet they were able to mobilize the people of Sichuan to devote themselves to the Railway Protection Movement, as well as attracting the “sympathetic understanding” of high-ranking Sichuan officials, such as Wang Renwen 王人文 and Zhao Erfeng 赵尔丰, thus lending discursive power to the railway protection camp in its game of political chess with the Qing court. Meanwhile, the government's weak discursive power was an important factor in the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty by the revolutionary tide triggered by the Sichuan Railway Protection Movement. The discursive strategies in vernacular texts on railway protection (including the particularly strategic discourse on the late emperor) spread, transformed, and were reborn to varying degrees over the course of history.     

樋口一叶小说《行云》的时空意向

小说《行云》写的是一位上京求学后又返回故里的青年的故事。青年的情感经历揭示出了由甲州大藤村至东京的空间距离。文中衬以路途之险,反映了作者对当时甲州人呼吁中央线铁路建设的关注和声援。同时,作者还以“战争画”等小道具明示了小说时间与创作时间的一致性,进而虚拟了青年归乡后的数年时间,以两者暗喻了狂热一时的甲午战争对于普通民众来说毫无意义。     

论中国朝野对新银行团的回应

1920年10月,美国倡议组成了新银行团。新银行团正式成立后长期无所作为,并逐步表现出更为明显的垄断性,中国朝野期望值逐渐降低,对其所体现的强权政治色彩愈益有了清醒的认识。中国民族主义的目标更加集中于政治层面,废除不平等条约的要求取代了关于铁路外债利弊的讨论。     

铁路交通流视角下中原城市群城市体系演变：基于城市中心性与中介性的分析

城市体系研究主要关注城市的节点性与城际关系两个方面，而城市网络研究将这两个关键要素统一起来，为进一步探讨此问题提供了新的思路。通过城际联系的视角，本文从城市的“中心性”和“中介性”两个维度来重新定义城市的节点地位。基于此，研究分析了铁路交通流视角下近十年来中原城市群城市体系整体和局部的结构变化，试图提供一种网络视角下城市体系演变的不同图景。研究发现：①城市中心性和中介性呈现出截然相反的变化趋势；②高中介性的门户城市更易提升自身地位；③城市中心性的层级结构愈发显著，而中介性更加扁平。在一体化建设的背景下，研究讨论了中原城市群城际体系演变的特征与问题。     

近代皖北交通中心变迁再探--以津浦铁路淮河大桥选址变更为中心

临淮关凭借传统交通与商业中心的地位,成为津浦铁路淮河大桥桥址的首选之地,但由于该处地势低洼,不易建桥,桥址最终选定在蚌埠。蚌埠得津浦铁路和淮河水运之利,迅速崛起,成为皖北地区新的交通与商业中心,而临淮关则渐趋衰落,最终成为淮河岸边一个普通小城镇。究其原因,主要是由于桥址变更,引起交通区位优势的转换,蚌埠的交通优势转化为产业优势;铁路与淮河水运在蚌埠的有机结合以及政治因素的助推。     

高速铁路城市联系职能研究——基于京广高铁调研数据的实证

审视与评估现实中高速铁路的城市联系职能,是研究高铁发展与城市发展之间相互作用关系的基础。基于对京广高速铁路沿线14个城市进行的实地调研和近3000份调查问卷,分析了高铁旅客在城市间的流动方向及特征,发现高铁主要承担着中心城市与普通城市之间、中心城市与中心城市之间的客流联系。通过对不同城市间客流强度影响因素的计量分析,发现高铁旅客在省内城市间的流动强度普遍高于省外流动强度,去往中心城市的客流强度也大于去往普通城市的,且两个城市间的高铁旅客数量与两个城市的经济水平正相关。高铁加强了中心城市与普通城市之间的客流联系,但会带来中心城市进一步的极化发展还是使中心城市更好地带动普通城市的发展,是值得进一步探讨的问题。     

＂铁路便当＂与日本的现代文明

“铁路便当”可谓日本最值得骄傲的饮食文化之一。在日本乘坐着列车品尝着各地风味不同的铁路便当已经成为一种时尚。它已经形成了一种地区文化,积极地带动着当地的经济发展,目前日益受到各相关部门的重视。它具有其独特的魅力,不仅地域特色强,而且成为增进家庭成员之间交流的话题;它是色彩美学与营养学融和的集合体。     

美国对中国援建坦赞铁路的阻挠

20世纪60年代中期,为摆脱传统殖民主义和南部非洲种族主义的束缚,坦桑尼亚和赞比亚两国提出了修建铁路的计划,并得到中国政府的支持和大力援助。当时,中美处于冷战对抗最为尖锐的时期,美国担心中国借援建铁路获得政治利益,担心中国借机向非洲输出革命,更担心共产主义在非洲扩大影响。为此,美国政府先后使用"拖延"和以大北公路"替代"坦赞铁路的策略,企图阻止中国援建坦赞铁路,以实现将中国阻隔于南部非洲之外的目的。