古镇遗产分类及资源型古镇的保护性利用模式初探

古镇是人类主要聚落形态之一,按其成因和社会功能可把古镇分为聚落型村镇、区域贸易中心型集镇、资源型或资源—产业型集镇、军事重镇型集镇和文化景观型集镇等。资源型古镇通常是在对某地自然资源进行开发利用的过程中发展起来的场镇,它的发展历程直接折射出区域社会变迁及其关联的社会背景,构成地方文化和历史记忆的重要载体。对资源型古镇的保护性利用旨在服务当地,在内容和形式上旨在使古镇的"形"与"神"与其生存空间达到高度的融合与统一,从而准确传达古镇所蕴含的历史信息及遗产价值。     

Painting and preserving the ship in the 17th and 18th centuries

Analysis of paint residues and paint equipment from North European shipwrecks together with archival research provides evidence of pigments and colours used. The limitations of pictorial sources and contemporary models is contrasted.     

民族生态旅游:保护性开发民族旅游的有效模式

旅游对目的地社会文化的影响,特别是对民族地区传统文化的负面影响,是目前学术界的一个热点问题。如何对民族旅游进行保护性开发,实现既大力发展民族地区旅游经济,同时又使优秀民族传统文化传承并动态向前发展的旅游目标,是一个亟待解决的重要课题。针对某些学者提出的生态博物馆模式,本文在分析该模式局限性的基础上,认为民族生态旅游是保护性开发民族旅游的有效模式。     

From Homo economicus to Complex Subjectivities: Reconceptualizing Farmers as Pesticide Users

Abstract: Through empirical analysis and theory, this paper critiques technocratic regimes of protection vis à vis pesticide use, which are efforts limited to technical rationality and didactic communication of pesticide risks that model pesticide users as self‐responsible individuals (ie Homo economicus). Data reveal that knowledge of pesticide risk does not translate into greater protective gear use, within the Costa Rican case presented and more broadly. This circumstance, across first and third world contexts, leads me to develop a more holistic conceptualization of farmers’ subjectivities that highlights numerous constraints—informational, political economic, cultural, individual, and environmental—to which farmers are subject. This conceptualization reveals the inadequacy of most efforts to address farmers’ protective gear use, and leads me to propose a multi‐tiered solution to pesticide problems, including an industrial hygiene approach and fostering subjectivities through participatory research involving pesticide users.     

Protective Structures for the Preservation of Medieval Buildings and their Remains: Case Studies from Monastery Hilandar and Mount Athos

The objective of this study is to establish a methodology for temporary protective structures, that is, the guidelines for planning, design, and implementation of future protective structures. The basic method of this paper was the observation and analyses of temporary protective structures as well as the evaluation of the results achieved in implementation of these rules in completed structures, within the Hilandar Monastery complex on Mount Athos, in Greece. Mount Athos was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List for its cultural and natural values. The Holy Mount Athos is a unique monastic complex in the world and only males are allowed past the entrance. Having performed the evaluation of certain types of temporary protective structures, the given results were offered as recommendation for their design and implementation. The most significant accomplishment of this paper is verification of the designed, calculated, and completed protective structures through practical application within the Hilandar Monastery complex, in accordance with all the factors of site management.     

A Methodology for the Evaluation of Hygrometric and Mechanical Properties of Consolidated Stones

Several authors agree that stone surface consolidation works should not significantly alter original mechanical and hygrometric properties of the stones in order to avoid differential stress between the consolidated and non-consolidated parts. Specific limitedly destructive methodologies have been developed for assessing the variation in both mechanical and hygrometric properties, but they require preliminary calibration procedures that are very costly to adopt in terms of both time and money. This research study describes an analytical and experimental procedure aimed at obtaining the necessary hygrometric and mechanical characterization of natural and/or artificial stone, before and after consolidation works, by simply assessing the variation in the distribution of the porous structure.     

Gender trouble: Women and the making of Italy's ‘active population’, 1861‐1936

Abstract

This article seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the complex sociocultural and ideological reasons that lay behind the well‐known fall in the number of women workers in the Italian population censuses from the post‐Unification period to Fascism. This was a time when the statisticians of the whole ‘civilized’ world were engaged in the definition of the modern statistical notion of ‘active population’. Through an examination of material published by Italian as well as non‐Italian statistical institutions and of the debates on women's work at the turn of the century, the article shows how the statisticians sought to make their data comparable to those of other, more modem countries and argues that an important turning point in the changing statistical representations of women's work in Italy occurred with the census of 1901. This coincided with growing interest in the question of women's work and the campaign for the introduction of legislation ‘protecting’ women workers. As state constructions, the censuses clearly contributed to the production of a more masculinized image of the labor force, an image which, however, eventually became too distant from reality even for the statisticians themselves.     

少数民族文化旅游资源保护机制的构建

少数民族文化旅游是近年来旅游的热点,已经成为民族地区新的经济增长点。了解我国民族文化旅游的开发现状和存在的问题,在全球化背景下如何保护少数民族文化旅游资源,以促进民族社区的可持续发展。     

河南石窟寺石雕色彩历史及现状

文章在现状调查的基础上,根据历史资料与同时期石窟寺的色彩对比,再应用X-射线衍射(XRD)、电子能谱(SEM)等分析仪器,对彩塑的制作材料及其工艺进行了分析研究,为进一步的修复材料及工艺的筛选提供科学依据.