Bringing lessons from crisis management into the realm of wicked problems

Despite long-term research agendas around how to better understand and address wicked problems, they remain ‘wicked’ while crises generally come to an end. The objective of this paper is to assess whether governments seeking to address wicked problems can learn lessons from the insights of crisis management. While we are careful to avoid stretching the lessons of crisis management too far, we argue that there is untapped potential in establishing the broader applicability of crisis research to wicked problems. In doing so, we identify traditional roadblocks to addressing wicked issues and suggest that they are much less discernible in many crisis conditions. We then illustrate via a case study of the whole-of-government response to the 2011 Queensland Floods in Australia. The case has broader relevance beyond Australia in identifying how the challenges of crisis management can help us find better ways of addressing seemingly intractable wicked policy problems, particularly through strategic crisis framing.     

高技术条件下的人类、战争与环境--以1991年海湾战争为例

科技进步和军事变革互为条件、共同发展。战争作为“流血的政治”,其根本属性并没有随着科技进步而改变。它不仅是人类社会内部的严重冲突,更是特定生态系统中人与环境的对立。与以往的战争模式相比,高技术战争看似“人道”,却凸显出人与环境之关系更趋紧张的态势。以1991年海湾战争为例,战争双方滥用科技带来的破坏,几乎超出了自然环境的自我恢复能力和人类重建家园能力。无论联军还是伊军,都是环境的破坏者,他们连同平民一起又是环境破坏后果的最终承担者。从人与环境的关系入手审视高技术战争,使我们看到了现有的战争伦理的局限性。     

论德意志帝国政府对劳工问题的调节

德意志帝国时期,快速工业化进程使得劳工问题日渐突出,德意志帝国政府采取"立法"与"行政"手段对劳工问题进行了全面调节,形成了比较系统的劳工问题调节机制。德意志帝国对劳工问题的调节,缓解了社会矛盾,对德国经济、政治、社会的整体协调发展产生了持久而深刻的影响。     

依法治国基本方略实施考察

近年来,中共中央在确立了依法治国基本方略之后,采取了加强和完善立法工作、全面推进依法行政、着重提高领导干部的法律素质以及在全民中深入开展普法教育等有力举措,在以下几个方面取得了显著成效:以宪法为核心的中国特色社会主义法律体系已初步形成;法制队伍素质不断增强;法律服务工作发展迅速;广大干部群众的法律素质显著提高。当前,依法治国基本方略在实施过程中存在的问题主要有:立法质量有待于进一步提高;执法方式有待于进一步改进;司法体制有待于进一步改革;法律意识有待于进一步增强等。     

陈独秀前期国家思想述论

国家主权意识构成了陈独秀前期国家思想的理论起点.由此,陈独秀阐明了有关现代国家理论,对中国封建专制制度及其黑暗现实进行批判,并积极探索了在中国实现宪政制度的具体途径,表现出鲜明的时代特色,代表了历史发展的方向.     

六朝文化研究刍议

南方六朝即孙吴、东晋、宋、齐、梁、陈,具有一贯性相共通的特点,适合作为一个研究单元。当此六朝文化研讨及其开发应用越来越得到学界重视、政府支持、社会关心乃至引起地域文化资源争夺[1]的今天,我们有必要立足于宏观的层面,厘清相关概念,明确时代特征与文化面貌,更新认识、追求创新,这是六朝文化研究进一步深入的前提。     

Design in government: City planning,space-making,and urban politics

In recent years, design has appeared in an ever-broadening range of government processes and projects, particularly in cities. What has design become, such that its methods and practices could be applied to urban planning and public administration? And what are the governmental problems that design methods and designers are being mobilized to address? This article answers these questions by tracing the tangled intersections of design, city planning, and urban administration in the last century. Through a genealogical analysis, it shows how a number of designers came to redefine design as a set of procedures for formulating and proposing solutions to “wicked problems.” This understanding of design—which developed in fields such as industrial and product design that were remote from government—has recently gained salience in public administration and city planning. In contrast to an influential geographical analysis of design as spectacular architecture that is divorced from any broad social objective, the article argues that design in government can be analyzed as the design of politics. Its concern is not with the aesthetic or functional qualities of material objects—whether a manufactured product, building, or article of clothing—but with the ongoing work of organizing argumentation and decision making about complex, large-scale problems.     

Suggestions on Training MTI Translators and Interpreters

This article gives a brief review of the current state of training MTI translators and interpreters. After analyzing the problems that exist in course of the training, the author, as a student of MTI, puts forth some suggestions to improve the MTI training in colleges and universities to train practical translators and interpreters from the point of view of learning.     

侵入与接替:上海市闵行区古美街道居住空间的演变

多重背景下,我国大城市社会空间正在重构。居住分异是研究社会空间分化的重要维度。以上海市闵行区古美街道为例,说明城市向郊区的侵入与接替过程中,社会经济环境、就业等复杂因素综合作用使郊区居住分异由一元同质性社会空间向非均衡多元异质性社会空间转变。演变中凸显了就业市场需求与流动人口居住空间萎缩、空间隔离和农民的社会垂直流动少等问题,建立贫困群体的城市规划、将流动人口纳入廉租房受益范畴,多渠道加强就业信息建设、增强就业培训等是解决问题的关键。     

对小城镇发展与规划中几个基本问题的诠释

首先从3个方面讨论了如何理性地看待小城镇发展的问题:城镇人口规模的扩大不是乡村城市化水平度量的唯一标准;小城镇发展应由追求外延式规模扩张逐步走向内涵式发展;小城镇及其乡村腹地发展战略的制订和论证应在小城镇规划中予以突出。继而提出小城镇规划的首要着眼点应是营建宜人的居住环境;认为小城镇规划的核心问题是如何突出个性而非盲目追求共性,并从小城镇景观形象的规划与设计、主导产业选择与小城镇发展模式的确立、规划的创新等方面探讨了突出规划个性的实践操作。最后,强调小城镇规划的最高目标应定位在如何推进城乡一体化战略上。