基于夜间灯光数据的中国土地城镇化水平时空动态

基于长时间序列夜间灯光遥感数据,本研究从国家、八大经济区、省、地等四个尺度综合分析了中国1992-2010年土地城镇化水平时空动态特征。结果表明,在1992-2010年间:中国土地城镇化水平增长迅速,年均增长率为8.34%,明显高于同时期人口城镇化水平增长速度;土地城镇化水平区域差异十分显著,东部沿海经济区在八大经济区中土地城镇化水平最高且增长速度最快,香港、澳门特别行政区土地城镇化水平远高于其它省区;土地城镇化的热点区域主要集中分布于长三角、山东半岛、海峡西岸等11个城市群地区。     

基于多源夜间灯光数据的城市活力与城市扩张耦合关系研究——以海峡西岸城市群为例

海峡西岸城市群是中国经济快速发展的热点地区,研究其城市活力与城市扩张的耦合关系对促进城市建设意义重大。本研究以 DMSP-OLS 和 NPPVIIRS夜间灯光数据为数据源提取1992—2017年该城市群城市建成区,利用城市扩张率指数等对城市扩张的动态及其演变特征进行分析;应用熵值法、耦合协调度模型等评估城市活力,在此基础上,探究了对应城市活力和城市扩张耦合关系。结果表明：在研究期间,海峡西岸城市群城市建成区面积增加了23228.79km²;城市活力呈逐步逐年增加趋势;城市活力与城市扩张的耦合协调性逐步增强;经济发展和城市规划、地理区位优势等因素也对研究区城市活力与城市扩张及其耦合协调度的变化有影响。本研究可为城市群时空演变及其城市活力评价分析提供方法借鉴与数据支持。     

基于微博的西安市居民夜间活动时空分布研究

在我国城市化过程中,由于城市基础设施、公共交通等方面规划建设的需要,对居民活动的研究成为人文地理及城市规划领域所关注的重点。随着"大数据"时代的到来,改变了以往研究居民活动的方式。本文通过新浪微博平台提供的API接口,采用Ajax技术抓取包含时空信息的西安市微博数据,运用Arc GIS10.1中的热度分析工具,以可视化的表达形式揭示出:西安市居民夜间活动在大尺度范围内与城市的区域定位、居民结构及活动时间关系密切。同时,本文采用微博数据来研究居民活动的方法为研究这类问题提供了一种新的尝试。     

Appropriating the Aurora: Christopher Hansteen and the Circumpolar Auroral Rings

Abstract

The Norwegian astronomer and mathematician Christopher Hansteen (1784–1873) is best known for his career-long contribution to the study of terrestrial magnetism. In his monumental Magnetismus der Erde (1819), he suggests that the earth had two magnetic axes and thus four magnetic poles. It is less known that Hansteen planned to publish a second part of Magnetismus der Erde devoted solely to the polar lights, but this work was never completed. In this article, I reconstruct Hansteen's strategy for studying the aurora borealis and explain how the polar lights were connected to his four-pole theory. I emphasize in particular the spatial and geographical dimension of Hansteen's approach, focusing on his analysis of both the auroral corona and the auroral ring. In accordance with his own theory of terrestrial magnetism, he suggested the existence of four such circumpolar auroral rings, each centered around one of the four magnetic poles identified in Magnetismus der Erde. Hansteen's auroral project entailed an appropriation of earlier ideas and methods, especially those of Edmond Halley and Alexander von Humboldt. He sought to bolster the claim for the privileged position of the Scandinavian countries for observing and analyzing the aurora.     

基于DMSP-OLS夜间灯光数据的中原城市群空间演变分析

以中原城市群30个地级市为研究对象，基于1992-2012年DMSP-OLS夜间灯光遥感影像，借助MATLAB、ArcGIS等软件，提取了城市群建成区的空间范围，在此基础上，选取重心偏离轨迹、扩展度指标，并结合中原城市群规划中确定的“一核四轴四区”网络空间布局对城市群空间结构的聚散程度等进行了量化分析。结果表明：①1992-2012年，中原城市群建成区面积持续增长，由823.12 km²增加至2916.87 km²，其中，2004-2008年间建成区的年扩张强度最大；②中原城市群1992-2012年建成区重心迁移轨迹基本上呈“先东北后东南”的发展态势，东南方向建成区扩张速率最快，且城市群内部城市建设用地逐渐趋向于均衡化分布；③中原城市群的城市扩展度在1992-2012年间经历了“先减后增再减”的过程，整体上呈相对稳定的变化趋势。中原城市群的聚集度不断增大，且东部地区聚集度的增长速度最快。太原-郑州-合肥发展轴和北部跨区域协同发展示范区建成区的斑块形状趋于不规则。北部地区的分离度较大，且保持不断增大趋势。整体来看，中原城市群的连结度较小，但整体呈现上升趋势。     

Is a pixel worth 1000 words? Critical remote sensing and China's Belt and Road Initiative

As a novel means of researching China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), this article advances a critical remote sensing agenda that connects the view from above provided by satellite imagery with the grounded, qualitative methodologies more typical of political geography such as ethnographic fieldwork. Satellite imagery is widely used to produce empirics relating to the BRI, and the Chinese state is showing increasing interest in applying Earth observation data to governance. A more critical approach attentive to the politics of remote sensing, especially in light of China's emergence as a space and satellite power and its embrace of big data, is needed to more precisely reveal what changing pixels represent on the ground and expose the potential issues with data captured from high above the planet. This paper offers three theoretical and methodological objectives for critical remote sensing. First, I reflect on the geopolitics involved in the production and analysis of satellite imagery. Second, through analysis of night light imagery, which captures illuminated anthropogenic activities, I interrogate metanarratives of development. Third, I engage with qualitative methods by “ground-truthing” remote sensing with ethnographic observations along China's borders. I also seek to avoid the methodological nationalism often present in remote sensing research by situating these mixed-methods case studies at scales above and below the nation-state. As one of the largest development interventions in history materializes, pursuing critical remote sensing can create opportunities for social scientists to leverage quantitative and geospatial methods in support of more equitable and sustainable futures.     

Population,light, and the size distribution of cities

We provide new insights on the city size distribution of countries around the world. Using more than 10,000 cities delineated via geospatial data and a globally consistent city identification scheme, we investigate distributional shapes in all countries. In terms of population, we find that Zipf's law holds for many, but not all, countries. Contrasting the distribution of population with the distribution of economic activity, measured by nighttime lights, across cities we shed light on the globally variant magnitude of agglomeration economies. Deviations from Zipf's law are to a large extent driven by an undue concentration in the largest cities. They benefit from agglomeration effects which seem to work through area rather than through density. Examining the cross‐country heterogeneity in the city size distribution, our model selection approach suggests that historical factors play an important role, in line with the time of development hypothesis.     

境内外夜间旅游研究综述与展望

随着夜间经济推动与旅游高质量发展需要,夜间旅游现象日益普遍,并受到各地政府的支持和国内外学者的关注。以Web of Science和中国知网等数据库为数据源,对境内外夜间旅游相关研究进行系统梳理分析。研究发现,境外学者重点关注了夜间旅游开发的载体和体验类型、利益相关者及夜间旅游带来的积极和消极影响;境内夜间旅游研究发展呈现出阶段性特点,学者们主要探究了夜间旅游概念特征、产品类型、发展动力及影响。境内外相关研究以定性研究方法居多且主要聚焦于城市地区,对夜间旅游发展演化规律、社会生态影响、服务管理等内容仍缺乏深入系统的探究。丰富研究内容、完善研究方法以及拓展研究区域是未来深化夜间旅游研究的方向和目标。