Introduction: Biographies of Anthropologists as Anthropological Data

Biographies of anthropologists are widely recognized as useful for the history of science and the discipline. Introducing this special issue “Biographies of Anthropologists,” I argue that they not only provide information about anthropology, but also data for anthropology because they are studies of human agents enmeshed in social and cultural contexts, comparable to life histories of ethnographic informants. Biographies of anthropologists are of similar importance for empirical and theoretical anthropology as ethnographies, grammars, and monographs in archaeology and biological anthropology. They depict cultural dynamics from a person-centered, intimate, experience-near, and diachronic perspective on anthropology's cluster of sodalities.     

论旅游危机的生命周期与后评价研究

为了全面认识突发事件及其对旅游发展的影响,界定了由突发事件引起的旅游危机,将其划分为背景外源型和区域内生型;提出了旅游危机生命周期的概念,将其从生成到解除划分为5个阶段;分析了相邻年比较法在危机评价中的不足,提出了基于本底趋势线的旅游危机后评价理论。最后,以陕西秦始皇兵马俑对3次旅游危机响应为例,建立了入境旅游、国内旅游和旅游收入3条本底趋势线,完成了对1989年北京6.4事件、1998年亚洲金融危机和2003年"非典"三个突发事件旅游危机的后评价研究,揭示了其客流量损失、旅游收入损失及冲击的时间表,为旅游危机后评价研究提供了案例。     

LIFECYCLE DEFICIT,INTERGENERATIONAL PUBLIC AND FAMILIAL SUPPORT SYSTEM IN INDIA

The old and young consume public and private goods and services in excess of their labour income and incur lifecycle deficit (LCD). The share of the benefits received by the elderly 65 years and above and children below 20 years are, respectively, 6.3 and 42.1 per cent of the total familial in-transfer. The elderly themselves contribute to support, particularly for education of grandchildren, and their contribution is more than the benefit they receive from intra-household transfers. Contrary to the belief that in India, children provide old-age security, the elderly do not gain from the intra-household familial support. It is found that in India, there is a shortage of public funding to meet a greater share of the LCD of the population of children and the aged, and they would not have been able to consume essential goods and services if not for asset-based consumption and familial support.