On The Grounds Of Post‐Byzantine Greek Icons

The grounds of 51 post‐Byzantine icons (Eastern Orthodox panel paintings) were studied by means of analytical techniques. The artefacts cover the period from the mid‐15th to the mid‐19th century and originate mainly from western (Epirus and the Ionian Islands) and southern Greece (Crete). The findings are examined in the light of technical recipes from related areas and eras, while special insights are gained from the exploration of a gypsum processing recipe by Dionysius of Fourna. A spectrum of ground fabrication practices that is richer than that reported so far or can be deduced from surviving Greek recipes is documented; three instances of ‘grosso‐sottile’ type grounds and a case of ‘inverse grosso‐sottile’ ground are among the reported novel, for post‐Byzantine icons, findings. Moreover, a case of an early icon restoration intervention is documented.     

A Unique Case of Prone Position in the Primary Cremation Tomb 252 of Monte Sirai Necropolis (Carbonia,Sardinia, Italy)

A series of graves belonging to the Phoenician period were investigated after the campaign excavation of 2007 in the Phoenician‐Punic necropolis of Monte Sirai (Carbonia, Sardinia, Italy). One tomb in particular (labelled 252) is presented here because of its uniqueness. Tomb 252 contained the cremated remains of an individual, probably male, and comparison of the excavation records alongside reconstruction of the bone material itself makes clear that the individual was cremated in a prone position. It represents the first case of prone cremation reported in the literature. To investigate whether the temperature of the cremation was homogenous across the entire body, we have conducted a combined physical–chemical analysis using X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

青铜文物锈蚀机理及有害锈转化剂研究

为保护好出土青铜物,防止“青铜病”蔓延,必须除去有害锈,为此作了青铜器锈蚀机理的模拟性验证实验。依据电化学原理,经6次配方筛选和多次工艺条件试验,研制出能将青铜器中有害锈转化为无害锈的转化剂,它可特有害锈中的CT转化成Cl2、Cu^ 转化为Cu^2 和Cu,从而制止“青铜病”的蔓延。用此方法对青铜物进行保护,在大气中存放7年,至今保护完好,无锈点。     

高分子彩绘类文物保护涂层材料的性能及应用研究

针对彩绘类陶器保护的特殊要求,筛选性能优良的保护材料。在人工气候箱中对所选择的9种有机高分子文物保护涂层材料进行人工老化试验,分别采用傅立叶红外光谱仪测量试验材料的分子结构,分光光度仪测量颜料的主波长、色纯度和高度的变化,粘接强度仪测量颜料的粘接强度变化。结果表明:PrimalAC33、B72、有机硅的耐老化性能好,颜色变化小,粘接强度高,能很好的起到保护彩绘文物的作用,建议在文物保护领域推广使用。     

馆藏环境温湿度稳定性的频域图谱分析方法研究——以重庆博物馆为例

预防性保护对馆藏环境温湿度提出了适宜稳定的要求,本研究是对温湿度稳定性全新评估方法的研究。将馆藏环境温湿度监测时序数据(时域图谱)使用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)转换成频域图谱,并通过对频域图谱的解读,分析温湿度稳定性。本研究详细分析了温湿度频域图谱的优缺点,并通过频域图谱评估了展厅、展柜温湿度变化的特点、稳定性以及调控效果。研究结果为馆藏环境温湿度稳定性评估提供了一种全新的有效方法。     

GENERATION OF ARTIFICIAL EARTHQUAKE MOTION RECORDS USING WAVELETS AND PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS

In the last century alone two to three million people died in earthquakes; More than 240 000 perish in Tangshan earthquake in China, 20 000 in the Izmit [Ikeya, 2004] 50 000 in India Bhuj earthquake, 100000 in Sumatra and 90000 in Pakistan earthquakes. Earthquake engineering has progressed to the stage where it is now computationally practical and desirable to perform a dynamic analysis of most civil engineering structures. Such an analysis requires the engineer to create an accurate analytical model of the structures as well as prescribe an earthquake input excitation. The design earthquake input excitation for the site under consideration is usually prescribed in the form of response spectra or in the form of an ensemble of artificial earthquake acceleration time histories. There is every need for generating artificial accelerograms since recorded accelerograms are very limited at site. This paper proposes five neural network based models for the generation of artificial earthquake and response spectra using wavelet transforms (WT) and principal component analysis (PCA) where the recorded accelerograms are limited at site of interest. The proposed model is compared with Lee and Han's model. The data for 25 earthquakes are taken for training and 4 for testing. Just like response spectra, this is also a convenient way of obtaining the design solution to a structural dynamics problem and is certainly an important tool.     

Adipocere Inside Nineteenth Century Femora: The Effect of Grave Conditions.

Adipocere has, infrequently, been reported from archaeological contexts normally on the external surface of bodies. In contrast to those cases, this study focuses on a white, powdery and greasy substance found inside two right human femora during sampling. These samples were obtained from two identified individuals buried in the late 19th century, who were exhumed from a rock‐cut and a brick‐lined grave in a steeply sloping graveyard with wet soil conditions. Both individuals were buried in coffins. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to test the composition of the substances, and both were found to conform to the spectrum of adipocere. This is likely to be a breakdown product of the fats in bone marrow in an anaerobic, moist environment mediated by bacteria. None of the other individuals (n = 6) buried in similar graves displayed evidence of adipocere; this includes those whose femora were in a similar state of preservation (n = 4). Contemporaneous data on precipitation for the month of burials do not highlight any obvious trends, but one of the individuals was found in a water‐logged grave. The similar preservation of other femora buried in brick‐lined graves highlights the interplay of multiple factors in the formation and degradation of adipocere. More importantly, it demonstrates differential preservation, which may impact on DNA and other biomolecular research. Furthermore, this adds to the limited data currently available on adipocere found in archaeological contexts. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

“贵文贱艺”思想与近代知识分子阶层重心的转移

近代以降,随看中国内忧外患形势的日益加剧,知识分子阶层勇敢地承担起了救国救亡地历史使命。他们或以艺见长,或以突出。然而由于中国传统之重轻艺思想的深远影响,近代知识分子阶层只能遵循“学而优则仕”这条中国传统知识分子所走过的老路子。随着中国日益走向世界,此种情形直接阻碍了中国进一步现代化的进程。     

社会转型期电视新闻媒介的发展及新闻报道价值取向

改革开放以来,我国的电视新闻媒介与其他各行业一样发生了翻天覆地的变化。文章对此主要从传播模式、传播视角、传播元素、传播时态、传播的价值取向及内容等方面进行了论述。