Neolithic economy in central Europe

This article presents a survey of Neolithic economy, land use, trade, natural environment, and usage of plant and animal resources in central Europe, 5415–2240 B.C. (4500–1800 bc). Early, Middle A and B and Late Neolithic materials are summarized and compared. The earliest farmers expanded from southern Hungary and adjacent areas into central Europe over a relatively short time period, 100–200 years. They occupied areas only with good soils; thus probably hunters and gatherers continued to exist in many regions of central Europe. There is an increase in population and more upland areas are exploited for farming during the Middle Neolithic A and B periods. By the Middle Neolithic B period, low-level hierarchical or ranked societies appear in some regions of central Europe. The Late Neolithic may represent a modification of the mixed farming strategy observed during the earlier periods. Perhaps the herding of domestic animals became more important.     

The archaeology of complex hunter-gatherers

Archaeologists' reconstructions of paths to complexity have all too often excluded complex hunter-gatherers. However, recent theoretical contributions and long-term field research programs in several regions of the world have now significantly advanced our understanding of complex hunter-gatherers. A discussion of definitions of complexity and a review of current models of the emergence of complexity provide a framework for analyses of complex hunter-gatherers and important cultural phenomena such as sedentism, political integration, prestige economies, feasting, and ideology.     

‘The apostle of free trade:’ Adam Smith and the nineteenth-century American trade debates

This paper examines the diversity of uses of Adam Smith’s ideas in nineteenth-century American debates about the tariff. Legislative debates about American trade policy ran almost uninterrupted from the 1820s to the end of the century; as a result, they provide an abundance of examples of the ways in which legislators marshaled economic ideas to shape political discourse and influence policy. Smith’s causal ideas about free trade and its effects were referenced in policymaking, and Smith’s intellectual authority was often invoked as a legitimating device for partisan ideology. These uses, I argue, contributed to the sloganizing of Smith as the ‘apostle of free trade’ and his enduring popularity as a political icon in American politics.     

Navigating the Fault Lines: Race and Class in Philadelphia's Solidarity Economy

In debates over post‐capitalist politics, growing attention has been paid to the solidarity economy (SE), a framework that draws together diverse practices ranging from co‐ops to community gardens. Despite proponents’ commitment to inclusion, racial and class divides suffuse the SE movement. Using qualitative fieldwork and an original SE dataset, this article examines the geospatial composition of the SE within the segregated geography of Philadelphia. We find that though the SE as a whole is widely distributed across the city, it is, with the exception of community gardens, largely absent from poor neighborhoods of color. We also identify SE clusters in racially and economically diverse border areas rather than in predominantly affluent White neighborhoods. Such findings complicate claims about the SE's emancipatory potential and underscore the need for its realignment towards people of color and the poor. We conclude with examples of how the SE might more fully address racial injustice.     

Neoliberalisation from the Ground Up: Insurgent Capital,Regional Struggle,and the Assetisation of Land

In this paper we argue that “assetisation” has been a central axis through which both neoliberalisation and financialisation have encroached in the post‐Fordist era. We focus on the mobilisation of land as a financial asset in northwest England's former industrial heartlands, offering an account of how property developer the Peel Group came to dominate the land and port infrastructure of the region through aggressive debt‐led expansion and, in particular, a hostile takeover of the Manchester Ship Canal for its land‐bank. In doing so, we illustrate how the capture of resources, especially land, by private corporations has shaped both substance and process of neoliberalisation from the ground up. By focusing on transformative struggles over land we contribute to research agendas attempting to understand the systemically dispossessive nature of assetisation, its relationship to fictitious capital formation, and the way such neoliberalising transformations are produced through grounded and situated socio‐spatial struggles.     

对发展青海循环经济的思考

推进循环经济,是青海省可持续发展战略的必然选择。循环经济作为一项系统工程,涉及观念、政策、法律、体制、技术等方方面面的问题,既需要全盘统筹,又要求在各个层面上落实。青海发展循环经济,在借鉴国际国内经验的同时,要结合本地区特点及环境污染状况、环境保护活动所处的阶段以及立法基础条件,充分发挥本地区资源优势,科学发展。     

走出"当代工人阶级不再具有先进性"的认识误区

当前社会上有人对工人阶级的先进性表示怀疑和迷惑,这种现象值得引起重视并进行科学剖析。应当认识到,当代工人阶级的内涵和外延都发生了变化,工人阶级队伍内部出现的一些问题具有特定的历史背景和原因,是我国在探索建立社会主义市场经济体制过程中不可避免出现的现象,而且正是在此过程中,工人阶级的先进性也在随着时代的发展呈现新的内容和特色。因此,我们应当用发展的眼光全面、客观地看待问题,认识到工人阶级仍然是我国最先进的的阶级。     

关于甘河工业园区发展的思考

本文概括反映了青海省甘河工业园区的发展情况,分析了甘河工业园区建设过程中的一些作法,着重就甘河工业园区发展提出了一些建议。     

以科学发展观统筹青海区域经济协调发展

青海整体发展水平落后于国内发达地区,省内各经济区域经济社会发展也很不平衡。只有坚持科学的发展观,实事求是地分析各经济区域的优势与劣势,才能有的放矢地采取相应对策,统筹区域发展,合理布局全省地区生产力,促进青海区域经济协调发展,逐步缩小与发达地区的发展差距。