从三峡地区与东部平原的对比看考古学文化中的环境因素

三峡地区与东部平原的不同地理环境,导致了峡区和平原地区的考古学文化的差异。古代人类对不同地理环境适应的结果,是反映在考古学文化中的环境因素。     

希腊罗马人对犹太教的误读

早在 19世纪 ,英国批评家马修·阿诺德就指出 :希腊主义 (Hellenism)的指导原则是“意识的自由生发”,强调“本着事物的真实面貌看待事物”,故重知 ,重学问 ;而希伯来主义的指导原则是“守良心的谨严”,强调“举止和顺从”,故重行 ,重道德。前者以世间极恶为蒙昧 ,因而关注人们清晰的思维 ,引导人们认知事物的本质与美 ;后者以世间极恶为罪 ,因而要人们不断意识到罪 ,以不断唤起人们的罪恶感。正因如此 ,前者产生了灿烂的哲学 ;后者诞生了虔诚的宗教 1。自阿诺德以降 ,人们普遍视希腊文明与希伯来文明为现代西方文明的两大源头。那么 ,希腊…     

The Rise in Power of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman

Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman is moving across the international stage as the future King of Saudi Arabia. He has the support of his father, Saudi royals, and the oil income of his country. He also has 10‐year plan he agreed upon with the King called Vision 2030. The three components of the Vision are to diversify the oil‐based economy to include technology and tourism, to make the country the heart of Islam and Arab culture and to become the economic and geographic hub of Asia/Europe and Africa. His rise in power will depend upon his skill in expanding the religious tolerance of Saudi people, the current economic structure of the country, and the education of the youth. He is simultaneously addressing all these challenges in order to cement the country's future sustainability. Suggestions for enhancing his multifaceted impact on his country are provided.     

CONTEXT方法浅谈

ＣＯＮＴＥＸＴ方法所体现的考古遗存只能在其特定的环境中被解释的原则、从遗存中尽量获取更多信息的种种手段、以广阔的思路去判断材料的价值以及规范化的记录体系都对当前中国考古学的研究有很大的启示。     

从地理文献看明代地理学的发展趋向

以表现方式和取材方法为主,结合现代学者对古代地理文献类型的划分以及明代的具体实情,可以将明代的地理文献划分为传统地志类、广义游记类、西传地理文献类和舆图类。它们在明代均得到了较快的发展。虽然都是地理文献,但它们之间又存在着诸多差异。通过对这些文献的分析研究,我们可以窥见明代地理学的发展趋向。     

OpenStreetMap in Israel and Palestine – ‘Game changer’ or reproducer of contested cartographies?

In Israel and Palestine, map-making practices were always entangled with contradictive spatial identities and imbalanced power resources. Although an Israeli narrative has largely dominated the ‘cartographic battlefield’, the latest chapter of this story has not been written yet: collaborative forms of web 2.0 cartographies have restructured power relations in mapping practices and challenged traditional monopolies on map and spatial data production. Thus, we can expect web 2.0 cartographies to be a ‘game changer’ for cartography in Palestine and Israel. In this paper, I review this assumption with the popular example of OpenStreetMap (OSM). Following a mixed methods approach, I comparatively analyze the genesis of OSM in Israel and Palestine. Although nationalist motives do not play a significant role on either side, it turns out that the project is dominated by Israeli and international mappers, whereas Palestinians have hardly contributed to OSM. As a result, social fragmentations and imbalances between Israel and Palestine are largely reproduced through OSM data. Discussing the low involvement of Palestinians, I argue that OSM's ground truth paradigm might be a watershed for participation. Presumably, the project's data are less meaningful in some local contexts than in others. Moreover, the seemingly apolitical approach to map only ‘facts on the ground’ reaffirms present spatio-social order and thus the power relations behind it. Within a Palestinian narrative, however, many aspects of the factual material space might appear not as neutral physical objects but as results of suppression, in which case, any ‘accurate’ spatial representation, such as OSM, becomes objectionable.