关于中国古代宫殿建筑群基址规模问题的探讨

本文从建筑群基址规模这一概念出发,对文献与考古资料中所体现的中国古代宫殿建筑群做了一个较为系统的探讨,既注意到建筑群基址规模随时代发展而逐渐缩小的趋势,也注意到建筑群基址规模可能是一个规制性的问题,即在大约相近的时代,同等级别的建筑群,如宫殿建筑群,其基址规模也是大体相当的。而同一时期建筑群中,等级较高的,其基址规模也比较大,因而,基址规模是中国古代建筑中一个具有标志性的不可替代的等级符号性建筑要素。从这一概念出发,本文对《周礼·考工记》中的王城规划思想做了分析,得出了更为接近古人记载的王城规划图式,并依据文献史料,发现金中都宫殿、元大都宫殿、明中都宫殿,甚至明南京圜丘坛,都采用了周回9里30步的基址规模尺度,此后的明南京、明清北京又沿袭了明中都宫殿的基址规模。而这一规制可以上溯到宋西京洛阳宫殿、宋汴梁金明池琼林苑,乃至隋唐洛阳宫城、北魏洛阳宫城的基址周回长度和基址面积规模。     

Vacuums and Veils: Engaging with Statistically ‘Invisible’ Indigenous Population Dynamics in Yamatji Country,Western Australia

Although much is known about broad trends in Australian Indigenous geographies, particular aspects of Indigenous spatiality continue to be rendered invisible by standard statistical measures. The national census, for example, only registers moves at one and five year intervals. Any mobilities enacted within these timeframes are not measured. Yet these statistically ‘un‐captured’ mobility processes are often integral to Indigenous lived experiences and have a significant dialectical relationship to government service delivery processes. Understanding these population dynamics is therefore a critical, though underdeveloped, consideration within geographic enquiry and contemporary debates about State and Federal Indigenous policy directions and initiatives. This paper presents qualitative research findings regarding local experiences and perceptions of Indigenous spatiality in Yamatji country, Western Australia. Within this grounded framework, the paper builds on existing literature by drawing out some of the common spatial, temporal and demographic characteristics, or dimensions, of statistically un‐captured Indigenous mobility processes. With this discursive, albeit generalised and malleable, typology established, the analysis turns to a reflection on some of the methodological and conceptual complexities of measurement, interpretation, and translation of these mobility processes across the policy‐research nexus.     

长江三角地区高速公路网络与城镇体系空间结构的分形研究

测算了长三角地区高速公路网络和城镇体系空间结构的长度维数,分枝维数、集聚维数、网格维数、关联维数等分形维数。研究表明,长三角地区:(1)高速公路网已具备分形结构特征,并以上海市为中心区域按自相似性向外延展;但路网密度尚未饱和,有待进一步加强,在连通性上还有更大发展空间;(2)城镇体系分布表现出自相似性结构,总体上仍呈空间集聚格局;但是基于220个县级城镇单位的随机分布出现了非向心性态势,说明城镇体系与高速公路网络尚未实现整合,网络需要完善;(3)地级以上城市之间的高速公路网络的联通度已经达到了甚至超过了极限水平。     

人口的区位过程与城市的分形形态——关于城市生长的一个理论探讨

基于中心地假设,从城市人口分布的Sherratt模型和Naroll Bertalanffy的城乡人口异速生长关系出发导出关于人口分布空间动力学和城市扩展时空过程的数学模型,然后借助Batty等关于城市生长的DLA -DBM模拟结果证明人口的区位选择过程与城市的分形形态存在着内在关系。文章提出了关于区域人口运动和城市形态演化的三个基本原理:信息火商增原理、异速生长原理和Logistic发展原理。     

Testing Area‐Scale Fractal Complexity (Asfc) and Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM) to Document and Discriminate Microwear on Experimental Quartzite Scrapers

Few microwear studies have been conducted on tools made from quartzite. Most rely on visual observation of microwear features using optical light microscopes and scanning electron microscopes. Quantification of microwear on quartzite tools is extremely rare, even though numerous methods to mathematically document surface roughness have been applied to other silicate tools. In this paper, laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) was used to document surface roughness on four experimental scrapers made from two different subtypes of Mistassini quartzite that were used on either fresh or dry deer hide. Surface roughness data were analysed using area‐scale fractal complexity (Asfc). The results of this test case indicate that Asfc can effectively discriminate between the unused and used regions on the quartzite tools based on surface roughness, and that it can also discriminate between surface roughness produced by working dry versus fresh hides. Differences in the subtypes of Mistassini quartzite did affect surface roughness, but not significantly enough to prevent discrimination of the dry and fresh hide‐working tools. Although the use of the Asfc parameter for lithic microwear analysis requires further testing, these first results suggest it could be a reliable technique to mathematically document and discriminate wear patterns on archaeological quartzite tools.     

京津冀交通路网结构特征及其演变的分形刻画

交通一体化是京津冀协同发展的基础和前提，合理的交通网络结构对提升城市群整体效能意义重大。本文基于1995-2030年多源交通路网数据，运用分形思想，研究京津冀以城市群为节点体系的交通路网空间结构特征及演化趋势。主要结论如下：①京津冀高等级路网仍有一定扩展潜力，交通网络整体等级结构尚不稳定，未达到一种优化的分形递阶状态。②各级路网空间分布具有自仿射特征，但各向异性扩展强度正在逐渐减弱，城镇化和交通一体化战略的实施正在促进各级路网逐渐向自相似的结构一体化方向演化。③交通路网空间结构演化与城镇用地结构不同步，可能与系统所处城镇化发展阶段有关。④高等级路网分维演化服从次数大于1的logistic模型，按照规划预期，各级路网空间发育将相继在2040年前后达到饱和；但按照规划设计高速公路建设将过度饱和，未来应及时调整规划。     

Relativité et réalité Nottale, Simondon et le réalisme des relations

The exhaustion of the controversy about realism in physics, which is an epistemological consequence of the radical discrepancy between quantum mechanics and relativity, indicates the irrelevance of the traditional opposition between realism and antirealism. Since its purpose is the reunification of microphysics and macrophysics by the means of fractal space-time and scale relativity, Laurent Nottale's theory of Scale Relativity gets over this opposition by postulating the ontological value of the physical relations. The physicist's relational realism hence confirms spontaneously the intuitions of Gilbert Simondon's philosophy of nucleation, which considers the necessary recognition of the ontological value of relations in order to establish the «great synthesis of relativity and quantum physics».     

长春地区城镇体系时空关联的异速生长分析：1949～1988

运用分形思想和系统理论分析了长春地区各城镇40年间(1949～988)的异速生长关系及其分形演化过程,发现城镇体系时空关联的分维图式随着社会经济环境具有空间分异特征和时段阶变性质：只有具备健康的社会经济环境,城镇体系才能形成良好的分形性态。文章从时空关联的角度验证了城市系统的适应性假设和地理分形结构的优化猜想。     

Thermal springs and heat flow in North America

Thermal springs are commonly thought to be an indicator of geothermal resource potential. However, there have been few analyses of the relationship between thermal springs and the underlying thermal regime. An examination of temperature and discharge rates for a large database of thermal springs in North America demonstrates that there is not a simple relationship between these measurements made at the surface and subsurface heat flow. Hydrogeological factors appear to exert strong controls on the temperature and discharge at these springs and should be carefully considered in geothermal resource assessments.