Biomechanics of coaching maximal instep soccer kick for practitioners

Kicking in soccer has been the subject of scientific research for more than 40 years yet review articles summarizing the biomechanical fundamentals of kick optimization as a guide to coaching are scarcely to be found. The current review article aims to bridge the gap between scientific research into the maximal instep kick (including studies employing 3D motion capture and full-body biomechanical modelling) and the application of such research in coaching. It does so by supplying a scientifically founded, coaching-friendly article explaining identifiable characteristics and motor control sequencing that define this skill. Relevant biomechanical factors are identified in a way that should help coaches better develop training programmes and, at the same time, foster better understanding of the skill among athletes. Such information will contribute to both accelerated skill acquisition and, by concomitant gains in skill efficiency, the development of programmes that minimize risk of injury to athletes during training.     

两晋南北朝与隋唐官僚特权之比较——从赃罪、除免官当的视角

魏晋南北朝是门阀士族获得重大政治、经济、文化和社会特权的时代,但是东晋南朝与北朝的情况不尽相同。从法制层面对赃罪量刑和除免官当的考察表明,在法令的规定上北朝对待官僚较东晋南朝更为宽松,在法令的贯彻上北朝却相对严格。由此我们看到,尽管江左士族享有更多特权,但这些特权多在法令规定之外,不属于正常官僚政治的范畴。而北朝士族却积极在律令框架内寻求自身的权益保障,其努力所获得的丰厚成果为隋唐帝国的官僚所继承,从而为官僚政治的理性发展作出了贡献。     

马来西亚城市华人移民就业情况研究——基于2005年在马来西亚实地调查的分析

基于2005年在马来西亚吉隆坡和新山实地调查获得的资料,从城市移民在行业分布、职位、就业或经营途径、收入和政府经济政策等各个方面的情况,探讨了华人与马来人城市移民的不同遭遇,比较了华人移民在吉隆坡和新山这两个不同类型城市中的不同境遇。得出结论:城市新移民中马来人比华人获得了更多的政策扶持和发展机会,但华人比马来人拥有更多的投资方式和自己的企业,在城市中华人比马来人受访者的月收入要略高一些;在不同的领域,华人新移民在新山和在吉隆坡的就业或商业机会不同。     

试论日本古代国家官僚制度

五位以上的有位贵族依据"官位相当制",在官僚机构内部担任高官,并在服制即朝服和礼服方面与六位以下官人相区别。有位贵族在政治、经济、法律和受教育方面具有很大的特权,享有一系列的优惠待遇。官人的出身资格大体分为五位以上官人的子孙的荫子孙、六、七、八位官人之子的位子和除此之外的白丁三种。荫位制,是五位以上的有位贵族子孙的主要出身之路。日本的学校与官吏出身制度的联系不是很密切,日本的学校的功能与其说是培养任用官吏的机构,不如说是在培养专家的同时,以使五位以上贵族子孙广泛了解经学为目的的一种经学传播机构。     

A Unique Case of Prone Position in the Primary Cremation Tomb 252 of Monte Sirai Necropolis (Carbonia,Sardinia, Italy)

A series of graves belonging to the Phoenician period were investigated after the campaign excavation of 2007 in the Phoenician‐Punic necropolis of Monte Sirai (Carbonia, Sardinia, Italy). One tomb in particular (labelled 252) is presented here because of its uniqueness. Tomb 252 contained the cremated remains of an individual, probably male, and comparison of the excavation records alongside reconstruction of the bone material itself makes clear that the individual was cremated in a prone position. It represents the first case of prone cremation reported in the literature. To investigate whether the temperature of the cremation was homogenous across the entire body, we have conducted a combined physical–chemical analysis using X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The minimum wage and seasonal employment: Evidence from the US agricultural sector

Nearly 40% of agricultural workers in the United States earn an hourly wage that is within 10% of the prevailing state-level minimum wage. We evaluate the impact of the minimum wage on farm employment using county-level data from the United States Census of Agriculture. We employ long-differences specifications and find evidence of a dynamic, negative effect of the minimum wage on seasonal agricultural employment, but no effect on year-round agricultural employment. We estimate a long-run elasticity of total agricultural employment with respect to the minimum wage of about −0.40, which is both statistically and economically significant. Employers’ total expenditures on hired agricultural workers are not affected by the minimum wage. Finally, our analysis suggests that increases in minimum wages may lead to higher capital investment as well as the consolidation of farming operations in the agricultural sector.     

从在黔散文成就看王阳明在明文学史的地位

王阳明在黔创作的《瘗旅文》等多篇散文,是明代散文的精品,他的散文有其独具的特点;王阳明不仅是明代思想家、教育家、也应是文学家,这在明清以来就有定论。     

近半个世纪以来中国城市化进程的总结与评价

与国际标准模式相比较 ,中国的城市化水平略低于经济发展水平 ,严重滞后于工业化水平 ,这一现象是中国独特的工业化道路造成的 ;2 0世纪 80年代以来中国城市化进程明显加快是产业结构和就业结构转换的客观需求 ,而且一直到本世纪中叶中国将一直保持这一趋势。     

铁路交通流视角下中原城市群城市体系演变：基于城市中心性与中介性的分析

城市体系研究主要关注城市的节点性与城际关系两个方面，而城市网络研究将这两个关键要素统一起来，为进一步探讨此问题提供了新的思路。通过城际联系的视角，本文从城市的“中心性”和“中介性”两个维度来重新定义城市的节点地位。基于此，研究分析了铁路交通流视角下近十年来中原城市群城市体系整体和局部的结构变化，试图提供一种网络视角下城市体系演变的不同图景。研究发现：①城市中心性和中介性呈现出截然相反的变化趋势；②高中介性的门户城市更易提升自身地位；③城市中心性的层级结构愈发显著，而中介性更加扁平。在一体化建设的背景下，研究讨论了中原城市群城际体系演变的特征与问题。     

法老时代的埃及妇女在家庭中的地位

Although many scholars have assert that the Egyptian women’s position in the family was high during the time of the Pharaohs, no research in China has made a comprehensive and systematic discussion over this issue so far. Based on both documents and archaeological materials, this article approaches this question in three aspects: (1) Egyptian women’s position in the family economy; (2) the affection between the husband and the wife; (3) the position and role of the mother. __________ Translated from Shijie Lishi 世界历史 (World History), 2004, (2): 11–20