我国沿海港口港城关系协同发展与驱动机制研究

近年来,随着我国港口资源整合、港区功能调整和港口城市的转型升级,沿海港口与所在城市的关系发展面临新的变化和挑战。本文以我国沿海港口为例,结合定量分析与定性讨论,聚焦我国沿海港口港城关系问题,剖析港城关系的演变及驱动机制。研究发现：我国大部分沿海港口已进入极度协调发展阶段,但发展趋势逐渐放缓,区域分化特征显著,港城协同度差距呈现再扩大的发展趋势。在研究期间,我国城市驱动型港口城市数量显著增加,港口驱动型和港城互驱型港口城市数量减少。建议通过政府政策引导、港产城融合发展和港口转型升级等方式,不断提升我国沿海地区港城关系整体协调发展水平,为新时期我国沿海港口与所在城市的高质量发展提供重要支撑。     

2015尼泊尔地震后加德满都谷地世界文化遗产破坏特征

2015尼泊尔地震对加德满都谷地的世界文化遗产造成不可估量的损失。为了探究谷地文化遗产震害整体分布特征,对谷地世界文化遗产建筑的震害状况开展实地调查,划分了三类文化遗产震害等级标准,形成了六处世界文化遗产的震害图并对其进行统计分析,加德满都、帕坦和巴德岗三处杜巴广场震后保存基本完好的文化遗产建筑占各自总数的39.5%、53.3%、50%,斯瓦扬布纳特寺、昌谷纳拉扬寺和博达哈大佛塔主体保存基本完好,附属建筑不同程度地破坏。加德满都、帕坦和巴德岗三处杜巴广场地层的松软沉积层放大地震效应使建筑严重破坏,斯瓦扬布纳特寺、昌谷纳拉扬寺震害主要受地形特征影响。考察成果为我国同类遗产建筑的抗震防护提供参考。     

白居塔塔体结构稳定性分析研究

在对白居塔建筑形制调查研究基础上,区分塔体内嵌高山体和内嵌低山体两种情况,确定重力作用以及重力和地震耦合作用两种工况。基于采用岩土摩尔—库伦本构模型的有限元分析技术,对白居塔和山体的耦合结构进行稳定性分析。得出以下结论:自重作用下,整体结构稳定性满足,且有较高的安全稳定系数;白居塔整体结构的刚度较大,整个结构体系属于抗震有利体系;白居寺整体结构基频模态以侧倾为主;在7°(基本加速度0.15 g)多遇地震作用下,两个模型整体结构的抗震稳定性较好,结构不会产生整体性失稳破坏;在8°(基本加速度0.3 g)多遇地震作用下,较高山体模型主体结构基本处于安全状态,较低山体模型主体结构不满足稳定要求;较高山体的模型相对于较低山体的模型,安全稳定性要高。     

The re-emergence of wardship: Aboriginal Australians and the promise of citizenship

In this paper, I suggest that the category of ‘ward,’ a designation used for Aboriginal Australians in the 1950s and 1960s, has re-emerged in contemporary Northern Territory (NT) life. Wardship represents an in-between status, neither citizens nor non-citizens, but rather an anticipatory citizenship formation constructed by the Australian state. The ward is a not-yet citizen, and the deeds, acts, and discourses that define the ward's capacities to act as a political subject can maintain their anticipatory nature even as people ‘achieve’ formal citizenship. Wardship can be layered on top of citizen and non-citizen status alike. Rather than accounting for the grey areas between ‘citizen’ and ‘non-citizen,’ therefore, wards exist beyond this theoretical continuum, demanding a more nuanced accounting of political subjectivities and people's relationships to the state.I trace the emergence of the category ‘ward’ in the 1950s and 1960s in Australia and its re-emergence for Aboriginal Australians impacted by the 2007 Northern Territory Emergency Response legislation. The promise of citizenship offered by the status of ‘ward’ is built upon expectations about family life, economic activity, and appropriate behaviour. These assumptions underscore an implicit bargain between individuals and the state, that neoliberalised self-discipline will lead to both formal citizenship rights and a sense of belonging. Built-in impediments, however, ensure that this bargain is difficult, if not impossible, to fulfil.     

Linked (im)mobilities and the relational politics of movement in post-earthquake Nepal

ABSTRACT

This article highlights the importance of various (im)mobilities that were induced by the massive 7.8-magnitude earthquake that struck Nepal on 25 April 2015. It analyzes over 120 news articles published in the immediate aftermath of the earthquake, arranging these into a mobility-centric narrative that highlights the politics of movement in the disaster’s wake. Drawing on the theoretical and methodological “mobilities turn”, I introduce the concept of linked (im)mobilities to demonstrate the complex dialectics structuring (im)mobilities after the disaster. More specifically, Nepal’s post-earthquake (im)mobilities intersected with one another and with a variety of geographic and political factors to produce a mutually constitutive web of contingent movements. Attending to these not only underscores the centrality of (im)mobilities themselves. By raising questions of scale, inequality, bordering, and “islanding”, the approach advanced here widens our analytical frame. It offers a conceptual architecture capable of encompassing more factors (beyond mobility), thereby facilitating a broader understanding of the disaster event and its various outcomes.     

Carbon dioxide controlled earthquake distribution pattern in the NW Bohemian swarm earthquake region,western Eger Rift,Czech Republic – gas migration in the crystalline basement

The ascent of magmatic carbon dioxide in the western Eger (Oh?e) Rift is interlinked with the fault systems of the Variscian basement. In the Cheb Basin, the minimum CO₂ flux is about 160 m³ h^?1, with a diminishing trend towards the north and ceasing in the main epicentral area of the Northwest Bohemian swarm earthquakes. The ascending CO₂ forms Ca‐Mg‐HCO₃ type waters by leaching of cations from the fault planes and creates clay minerals, such as kaolinite, as alteration products on affected fault planes. These mineral reactions result in fault weakness and in hydraulically interconnected fault network. This leads to a decrease in the friction coefficient of the Coulomb failure stress (CFS) and to fault creep as stress build‐up cannot occur in the weak segments. At the transition zone in the north of the Cheb Basin, between areas of weak, fluid conductive faults and areas of locked faults with frictional strength, fluid pressure can increase resulting in stress build‐up. This can trigger strike‐slip swarm earthquakes. Fault creep or movements in weak segments may support a stress build‐up in the transition area by transmitting fluid pressure pulses. Additionally to fluid‐driven triggering models, it is important to consider that fluids ascending along faults are CO₂‐supersaturated thus intensifying the effect of fluid flow. The enforced flow of CO₂‐supersaturated fluids in the transitional zone from high to low permeability segments through narrowings triggers gas exsolution and may generate pressure fluctuations. Phase separation starts according to the phase behaviour of CO₂‐H₂O systems in the seismically active depths of NW Bohemia and may explain the vertical distribution of the seismicity. Changes in the size of the fluid transport channels in the fault systems caused, or superimposed, by fault movements, can produce fluid pressure increases or pulses, which are the precondition for triggering fluid‐induced swarm earthquakes.     

Holocene climatic change and past Irish societal response

The extent to which North Atlantic Holocene climatic perturbations influenced past human societies is an area of considerable uncertainty and fierce debate. Ireland is ideally placed to help resolve this issue, being occupied for over 9000 yr and located on the eastern Atlantic seaboard, a region dominated by westerly airflow. Irish bog and lake tree populations provide unambiguous evidence of major shifts in surface moisture through the Holocene similar to cycles recorded in the marine realm of the North Atlantic, indicating significant changes in the latitude and intensity of zonal atmospheric circulation across the region. To test for human response to these cycles we summed the probabilities of 465 radiocarbon ages obtained from Irish archaeological contexts and observe enhanced archaeological visibility during periods of sustained wet conditions. These results suggest either increasing density of human populations in key, often defensive locations, and/or the development of subsistence strategies to overcome changing conditions, the latter recently proposed as a significant factor in avoiding societal collapse. Regardless, we demonstrate environmental change is a significantly more important factor in influencing human activity in the landscape than has hitherto been acknowledged.     

博物馆文物的防震保护研究（二）——设防地震动输入及结构地震动反应

通过对上海及邻近地区地震危害性分析,结合地震研究工作结果,根据上海博物馆文物防震保护的具体要求,研究确定了该博物馆文物防震保护的设防水准及地震动参数。场地地震动输入峰值加速度水准确定为50年超越概率3％,地震动反应谱采用上海市标准《建筑抗震设计规范》(DGJ08-9-92)中给出的地震影响系数曲线(阻尼比0.05),并将输入峰值加速度调整为180gal。研究采用了目前通用的拟合反应谱的方法,通过拟合选定的地震动反应标准谱,合成了6条人造地震波时程曲线,拟合精度控制在相对误差不大于5％;同时结合上海市《建筑抗震设计规范》(DGJ08-9-92)中所附的一条强震记录,共同作为上海博物馆结构地震反应分析的输入地震动。又根据上海博物馆建筑的结构特征分析,结合建筑结沟动力特征的实测结果,通过采用层模型结构时程分析计算方法,计算并获得了在遭遇设防地震时,上海博物馆建筑物每一层的地震动反应,表明上海博物馆建筑各楼层的地震动反应具有明显的楼层放大作用。对各楼层地震动反应的统计分析,给出了上海博物馆建筑物每一层的地震动参数,以此可作为今后文物地震危害性分析,及研究设计隔震装置等防震措施的依据。     

Simple Seismic Assessment of Traditional Unreinforced Masonry Buildings

A framework for quick seismic assessment and retrofit of traditional unreinforced masonry (URM) structures is presented. The proposed methods build on simple principles of structural dynamics and are used as an alternative to detailed time-history analysis, in recognition of the prevailing need for simple and practical methods, compatible with the low-budget and the limited level of knowledge regarding materials, internal force paths, connectivity and condition of older URM structures. An objective is to identify areas in the building that are particularly susceptible to damage and for guiding the types of the required global interventions to improve seismic response. Demand and supply are expressed in terms of relative drift ratios that quantify the intensity of out-of-plane differential translation and in-plane shear distortion of masonry walls. A characteristic traditional building type of timber-laced masonry is used as a model structure for illustration of concepts. The morphology and geometry of the building correspond to a statistical sample of the actual traditional unreinforced masonry buildings (TURM) found in historical centers of many towns in the greater region of Northern Greece. The methodology is particularly useful for setting retrofit priorities and management of the collective seismic risk of historical entities.