公共性旅游资源开发与保护的政府规制研究

公共性旅游资源的公益性特征决定了其既要注重资源配置效率,又要兼顾社会福利。目前公共性旅游资源在市场调节机制失灵的情况下,发挥资源保护职能的政府规制显得至关重要。本文运用政府规制理论,通过剖析政府在公共性旅游资源开发与保护中的重要作用以及目前存在的问题,探索性提出价格、进入、环境、税费和信息补偿方面的规制内容体系和管理体制、法律法规、监督约束机制方面的规制执行体系,以期有效实现公共性旅游资源的保护性目标和可持续利用。     

旅游经济学自学应考方法谈

本结合以往旅游经济学自学考试试卷题型的分析,介绍了题型要求和答题思路。     

Views and Commentaries: Composed Versus Simple Pasts: About Archaeologists and Their Partners

Partnership is an equitable exchange of knowledge. In fact, the very nature and indisputability of imported and taught knowledge—the scientific one and here archaeological—question the nature of the traditional and ordinary knowledge of peoples concerned. These two kinds of knowledge differ in the nature of the facts recognized by each of them: scientific facts or tacit common knowledge facts built differently, and in the number and strength of the external allies they succeed in mobilizing. Even if they remain translatable one into the other at a certain cost, they are engaged in a race. The result seems lethal for traditional knowledge unless powerful nonscientific allies, opposed to this leveling standardization, get involved with researchers aware of the stake for the South but also for the North, committed for some centuries to a rationalization supported by science, its technics, and the socioeconomic powers able to fund them.Le partenariat est un échange équitable de savoirs. En réalité, la nature et l'indiscutabilité du savoir importé et inculqué—le savoir scientifique et ici archéologique—met en cause la nature du savoir ordinaire et traditionnel des peuples concernés. Ces deux formes de savoirs diffèrent par la nature des faits reconnus par chacun d'eux: faits scientifiques ou faits du savoir observationnel ordinaire, construits différemment, et par le nombre et la force des alliés extérieurs qu'ils réussissent à se donner. S'ils sont traduisibles l'un dans l'autre à un certaincoût, une course est néanmoins engagée entre eux. L'issue en semble fatale aux savoirs traditionnels à moins que des alliés puissants non-scientifiques, opposés à ce nivellement uniformisateur, s'engagent à leurs côtés avec l'appui des chercheurs conscients d'un enjeu qui concerne certes le Sud, mais aussi le Nord engagé depuis quelques siècles dans une rationalisation appuyée sur la science, ses techniques et les puissances socio-économiques capables de les financer.     

邓小平、陈云的改革思想比较

邓小平、陈云在中国改革开放的实践探索中,对为什么要改革、怎样改革、改革的任务与目的、改革的性质、改革成败的评判标准等重要问题,都有明确的观点和系统的论述。这些观点和论述有共性,也有差异,有区别,也有联系,对中国改革开放都产生了积极而深远的影响。邓、陈改革思想中的大同,主要是由二人的经历类似、信仰一致决定的。邓、陈改革思想中的小异,主要是由二人的性格特点、工作方法和所处的具体位置不同决定的。这种差异具有互补的作用。邓、陈的互相配合与互补,是中国新时期改革开放和现代化建设新局面得以开辟并取得巨大成就的重要因素之一。     

Empires for Peace: Denis Veiras’s Borrowings from Garcilaso de la Vega

Writing The History of the Sevarambians in the 1670s, the Huguenot Denis Veiras borrowed many ideas from Garcilaso de la Vega, also known as El Inca, whose Royal Commentaries of the Incas was published in 1609. Both works describe the history of an empire and justify it on the ground that it brought peace and unity. While Garcilaso’s book purported to be a history, his selection of facts reflected his goal of improving the treatment of the Incas by the Spanish. Veiras’s story also claimed to be a history, but it was transparently a fiction, even to the point of lifting many elements from Garcilaso’s book. What both works equally emphasized was that empires could aim at, and could be justified by, the benefits they provided their subjects. Both tell stories of benevolent and paternalistic rulers who founded nearly ideal societies in the countries they conquered. These were models of empire for peace and unity rather than merely promoting toleration of differences or concord among differing parties. Veiras’s utopia thus offers an instructive case study of the effects of cross-cultural borrowings of literary and political ideas.     

Show solidarity,live solitarily: the Nazi ‘New Europe’ as a ‘family of peoples’

Abstract

This chapter first investigates how the German Nazis used the term ‘European solidarity’ and demonstrates that the term meant political loyalty between European ‘peoples’ (Völker) in National Socialist discourses. Second, assuming that the Nazis’ objective in showing solidarity with or demanding loyalty from other nations was to increase strength in what they believed to be a conflict with ‘international Jewry’, it examines the logic of the Nazis behind including other European countries into their own camp in that conflict. It will be argued that the Nazis developed a sense of belonging with non-German Europeans based on three ideas: (1) the racist myth that all Europeans belonged to the ‘Aryan race’; (2) a Europe-wide consensus of the extreme Right on anti-Communism, antisemitism, and anti-democratic and ultra-nationalist worldviews; and (3) the existence of cross-border relations within Europe which led to shared experiences. The article draws on primary sources as well as on secondary literature about National Socialist concepts of Europe and about transnational academic, cultural and social relations in the National Socialist sphere of influence.     

从旅游者需求探讨我国旅行社业发展的潜力和方向

本文从旅游消费者需求角度探讨目前我国旅行社的不足之处、产生原因及改进的一些建议,探讨我国旅行社业发展的潜力和方向。