Anticipated mobility and its archaeological signature: A case study of Folsom retooling strategies

This essay highlights the value of anticipated mobility for untangling variability in prehistoric stone tool manufacture. To do so, it explores the organization of weaponry production at a series of Folsom campsites via the highly visible archaeological signature of Folsom fluting. A model of weaponry replacement based on deep planning and anticipation of needs is proposed, according to which Folsom hunters commonly replace their projectile points as they wear down, break or are lost, but on fewer occasions engage in the mass production of fluted points. This technological organization is consistent with a highly mobile way of life in which advanced planning buffers the risk associated with limited or stochastic access to good quality lithic raw materials. The model is then put to the test at the Lindenmeier site in northern Colorado. The spatial patterning of fluting activities in two discrete areas of the site demonstrates contrasting strategies of point manufacture: conservation versus gearing up (creation of a surplus). It is argued that these patterns represent distinct facets of a single technological organization.     

南响堂石窟石雕岩表面模拟溶蚀实验

为了对南喃堂石窑石雕表面风化进程作定量,半定量的讨论,采用了岩溶动力学方法,模拟大气酸性降水对石雕样品进行溶蚀实验。根据实验数据,计算出该出雕的实验溶蚀速度和溶蚀溶度,同时提出,要减缓碳酸盐岩石雕的风化速度,不仅对窟区大气中SO2含量要进行监测,而且在工业区大气中的CO2也是一个应该进行监测的重要指标。     

Thermal springs and heat flow in North America

Thermal springs are commonly thought to be an indicator of geothermal resource potential. However, there have been few analyses of the relationship between thermal springs and the underlying thermal regime. An examination of temperature and discharge rates for a large database of thermal springs in North America demonstrates that there is not a simple relationship between these measurements made at the surface and subsurface heat flow. Hydrogeological factors appear to exert strong controls on the temperature and discharge at these springs and should be carefully considered in geothermal resource assessments.     

Fostering deeper critical inquiry with causal layered analysis

Causal layered analysis (CLA) is a technique that enables deeper critical inquiry through a structured exploration of four layers of causation. CLA’s layers reach down from the surface litany of media understanding, through the layer of systemic causes identified by conventional research, to underpinning worldviews, ideologies and philosophies, and deep subconscious drivers that manifest in myth and metaphor. CLA applies equally to geographical research’s socioculturally constructed situations and to the exploration of individual meta-cognition and motivation through pedagogic research. Outcomes, explored through reflective journals and term papers, suggest that CLA helps more, especially middle achievement, learners discover deeper structures within their studies.     

Extended depth of focus image for phytolith analysis

This paper proposes a new phytolith analysis method by extended depth of focus technology. The extended depth of focus image is sharp throughout by the image processing of a series of photos, while each acquisition of the original photo will be compromised and show certain parts of the specimen in and out of focus. Consequently, the extended depth of focus image is suitable for computer-assisted morphometrics analysis. Meanwhile, the extended depth of focus image can be used for three-dimensional reconstruction images. Experiments on rice husk multi-cell panel show that the three-dimensional reconstruction image method can reconstruct multiple double-peaked phytoliths at one time. We also measure the parameters of multiple double-peaked phytoliths from the reconstructed three-dimension image. Comparative experiments show that the reconstructed three-dimensional image is precise enough for rice identification. Based on the above experiments, we recommend the extended depth of focus method as a promising tool in phytolith research.     

Non-invasive on-site method for thickness measurement of transparent ceramic glazes based on depth from focus

Glazed ceramics are a common material analyzed through geochemistry, whether in the form of tableware collected during excavations or tiles observed as part of architectural features. Within the framework of these studies, measuring the thickness of the transparent glaze is one of the useful variables available for the characterization of the ceramic, contributing to searches for provenance as well as serialization. However, this task often requires invasive methods performed in the laboratory, which may not always be possible. This paper develops a non-invasive and portable on-site system for measuring the thickness of ceramic glazes. Based on the depth from focus technique, this method makes use of a classical camera, a macroscopic lens, a translation stage, and a laptop for system control. In this article, we test this method through the measurement of glaze for ten samples as compared to results obtained for sections through scanning electron microscopy.     

Brachiopods of the Yarralumla Formation (Ludlovian), Canberra,Australia

The Yarralumla Formation of Canberra has been considered the stratigraphic equivalent of the earliest Ludlovian Yass Formation of the Yass Syncline north of Canberra. The previously unpublished brachiopod fauna of the Yarralumla Formation is fully described; comparison with that of the Yass Formation confirms approximate age equivalence. Of the eleven species, none of which is new, eight also occur in or a little above the Yass Formation.     

西藏文化与《西游记》关系纵深研究预测

目前看来,西游学界主要从中原文化中探寻《西游记》故事的演变过程,少有学者从民族的视角去审视藏文化与《西游记》的关系。殊不知,西游学界忽略了一个重要的历史事实,在《西游记》故事获得重大发展的元代及明代前中期,正是藏文化,特别是藏传佛教大量传入中原时期。从《西游记》《金瓶梅》等明代小说中出现的藏传佛教元素,足可证明,西藏文化直接或间接地影响了元明时期内地的文学创作。近年来,随着西游学研究视野的拓宽,以及大量藏学文献的汉译,为深入研究西藏文化与《西游记》关系,提供了更为便利的条件。     

抗钻强度在文物加固保护中的应用

抗钻强度测试是一种极微小破坏性的强度测试方法,特别适合于物保护中加固强度及加固剂渗透深度的测定。通过用有机氟材料对几种不同材质物(石质、砖或陶质、土质)在实验室和现场加固强度及渗透深度的测试,并与抗压强度进行比较,结果表明抗钻强度是一种有效的加固强度表征方法,特别适合于物的现场保护应用。     

中国考古学的觉醒与理论革命——关于考古学走向成熟的若干思考

中国考古学走向成熟的重要标志在于三个转变,即:在考古学基本理论方面,存在着从简单地层学向考古层位学转变的过程;在研究方面存在着从长于描述向深度研究转变的例证;在学科的作用方面存在着从补经证史向谱写历史篇章转变的客观事实。