Mobile Peoples: Pastoralists and Herders at the Beginning of the 21st Century

Bruce Trigger's and Adam Smith's comparative studies of state-level societies provide new theoretical approaches and are important components in a resurgence of explicit comparative analysis of early states by archaeologists. Trigger presents a massive systematic comparison of seven ancient states on an unusually large number of themes, whereas Smith carries out more intensive comparisons of a smaller sample on more limited themes. These well-written works make significant contributions to a number of areas, including empirical analysis, theory, and comparative methods.     

资源,神权与文明的兴衰

根据当代流行的马克思主义考古学分析观念,上层建筑和经济基础都会对复杂社会的演进或衰亡起重要的作用。本文尝试从资源和神权这两个概念来探讨早期文明兴衰的动力,并讨论良渚文化消失和中国文明演进地域差异的原因。     

Locating the “People Without History” in Histories of the Ancient Near East

Three books discussed here illustrate multidisciplinary approaches to studying ancient civilizations and a range of methodological and theoretical perspectives. They suggest that in addition to the traditional focus on elites and urban origins, we should analyze nonelites and smaller scale communities. I concur that focusing on elites gives an incomplete and inaccurate picture of life and culture in the ancient Near East. Instead, these books shed light on the “people without history” in the ancient Near East. This “social history” must be integrated into economic and political models of past cultures to fully understand ancient civilizations.     

泰山北斗 一代宗师——林志纯和中国世界古代史学科的建设与发展

2007年11月14日,史学大师林志纯先生在福州与世长辞,享年97岁。 林先生学究天人,贯通古今中外,是中国世界古代史学界的元老和泰斗,为建设中国世界古代史学科,创建中国世界古代史研究会和东北师范大学世界古典文明史研究所建立了卓著的功勋,获得了全国世界古代史学界同仁的尊敬和爱戴。在此,谨代表中国世界古代中世纪史研究会向林先生表示崇高的敬意和深切的怀念。     

体育活动与"三个文明"建设的相关对应性

本文以“不同类型的活动与人的不同方面的发展存在着明显的相关对应性”理念为指导,论证了体育活动与社会主义“三个文明”建设的相关对应性。体育活动既是建设社会主义“三个文明”的重要构成元素,又是建设社会主义“三个文明”的重要途径和手段。所以,应全面细化全民健身计划,并制定相关政策,切实开展好全民、全程体育活动,不断扩大“体育人口”数量和提高“体育人口”质量。     

To Avenge the Burnt Statues and Temples of the Gods: The Religious Background of the Greek Wars with the “Barbarians”

Abstract

In The Clash of Civilizations (1996) Samuel Huntington placed the Persian Wars at the beginning of the long line of clashes between civilizations. To the modern reader the emphasis Huntington puts on the role played by religion in defining Athenian civilization and its conflict with the “barbarians” appears to be consistent with Herodotus’ position on these wars. However, this position overlooks the fact that the ancient polytheistic beliefs and cults implied a particular attitude to religion, unlike that of monotheistic religions. In the ancient Mediterranean world the temples and sacred places were to be universally respected and any violation of this rule was regarded as sacrilege that justified persecution of the wrongdoers, whose ethnicity was of no, or only of secondary, importance. The purpose of this article is to survey the main passages in Herodotus, Thucydides, and Xenophon that treat the wars between the Greeks and Persians and between Greek city-states, and to demonstrate that the line dividing defenders (or avengers) of divine cults from offenders of the gods was not drawn between Greeks and barbarians, but between defenders and offenders.     

为我学世界古代史引路的老师——怀念日知林先生

林志纯先生去世了。我们失去了一位好的老师。 林先生的一生,像是一炉精神的活火,在长近一个世纪的时间里发光、发热,不断给予他的学生和后辈们以启发和激励;现在先生安息了,然而火尽薪传,先生的志业且将不朽。     

塞缪尔·亨廷顿“文明冲突论”的文化保守主义倾向

如果从现代化的角度解读亨廷顿的"文明冲突论",就不难发现这一理论本身所隐含的社会发展观及其文化保守主义倾向。"文明冲突论"在相对主义文化决定论的框架下,提出多元现代性和多元现代化的观点。这种观点否认存在具有普遍意义的现代性和现代化,宣称每一种文明都有其独特的现代性内涵和现代化模式。这种社会发展观看似开放,其本质却是文化保守主义的,其矛盾折射出西方文明在当前世界格局下文化策略的调整。它旨在将人类共同享有的先进文明成果特殊化、西方化,以非西方中心论的名义将现代性相对化,最终取消非西方社会实现现代化的可能性。非西方社会对此应保持理性的判断。     

“古代文明研究国际论坛·2007”纪要

2007年10月18～19日,由中国社会科学院考古研究所和中国社会科学院古代文明研究中心共同主办的古代文明研究国际论坛·2007在北京举行。中国社会科学院、国家文物局、中国国家博物馆、中国文化遗产研究院、北京大学考古文博学院、北京科技大学古代科技与文明研究中心等有关单位的领导出席了论坛。来自美国斯坦福大学、哈佛大学、密西根大学以及法国国家考古研究与保护研究院的数位国际知名学者受邀参加论坛。与会的专家学者共计180余人,包括中华文明探源工程(第二阶段)各个课题和部分子课题的负责人,在京主要文博考古科研学术机构和中国社会科学院各     

战后西方地缘政治学的发展与特征

本文在简要回顾二战前西方地缘政治学发展历史的基础上,介绍了"多极世界"模式,地缘经济学,文明冲突论等战后及冷战后西方地缘政治理论发展过程中有代表性的学说。分析评价了它们产生的思想基础,历史背景及发展特征,并预测了今后西方地缘政治学的发展趋势与方向。