清代403宗民刑案例中的私通行为考察

男女私通在清代司法审理中占有相当的比重 ,表明它已构成当时不可忽视的一个社会问题。本文就当事者的年龄、婚姻、家庭状况以及他们之间的关系进行了数量统计和对比说明。根据案例的内容 ,把私通原因归纳为出于感情、家境困难或缺乏劳力、带有某种挟制性通奸和其他四大类 ,其中以前两类案例量最大、情况最复杂。并对私通产生的后果 ,传统道德、政府法律、婚姻家庭制度与私通的关系等等做了探讨。     

义和团运动时期山东督抚对教案认识态度的比较研究

义和团运动时期,山东三任督抚基于不同的社会和心理基础对教案产生了不甚相同的认识和态度。对于教案起因,三位督抚都认为基督教的扩张是教案的直接原因;同时,毓贤和袁世凯又认为部分官员的不作为是诱发教案的重要原因。最后,袁世凯明确指出了列强和基督教的相互依存关系。对于教案的处理,张汝梅曲意弥缝,以和为主;毓贤和袁世凯皆主张持平办案。他们对义和团的剿抚之策,也影响了山东教案的产生。     

清代巡台御史制度研究

派遣御史巡察台湾是清代治台政策中的一项重要措施,这一制度共实行了60多年。本文试从巡台御史的设立与派遣、职责和作为,巡台御史与地方官员的关系以及清廷对巡台御史的态度等方面对清代巡台御史制度作一比较系统的考察。     

El policial palimpséstico en “Marta Odera,monja” de Marisa Grinstein

This article investigates the emergence of detective fiction and film from 1994 to the present. The corpus appears during the government of Carlos Menem and its intent to insert Argentina into a globalized economy. Poverty, insecurity, and violence prevail in Argentine society, and many detective novels, based on real-life murders, appear in 1994. Moreover, this type of literature continues to proliferate in the twenty-first century. In this essay, I explore one of the many stories written by Marisa Grinstein. I begin with the newspaper article and trace its transformation into short fiction and television series. The articles about the homicide follow the tendencies of the sensationalist yellow press. The author and the film director of “Marta Odera, monja,” however, transform the events, following and also subverting the characteristics of the classic detective fiction and the hard-boiled. In doing so, these recreations of this particular murder case denounce the domestic violence that exists in Argentine society.     

Archaeometallurgical study of the brass cases from the Akko 1 shipwreck

The Akko 1 shipwreck is the remains of an eastern Mediterranean brig built in the first quarter of the nineteenth century, discovered in Akko harbour, Israel. During the underwater excavations (2006–2008), 158 brass cases were found, mainly between midships and the aft extremity of the shipwreck. It is suggested that they were used for artillery quills. The aim of this investigation is to determine the composition, microstructure and properties of these brass cases in order to understand their manufacturing process and to propose their possible dating and manufacturing location, and to verify their use. An archaeometallurgical analysis of selected brass cases was performed, including optical microscopy, microhardness tests and SEM including EDS. The results show that the collection was made of brass containing about 30 wt% zinc. The uniform thickness and the microstructure of the cases indicate that all artifacts were basically produced of rolled sheets and the cases were hand-made using simple tools. The metallurgical investigation suggests that they were manufactured during the first half of the nineteenth century. Combined with the archaeological evidence and the historical background, this supports the assumption that Akko 1 was a naval auxiliary vessel which was in Akko harbour circa 1840.     

清末徽州民间宗谱纂修活动研究——以光绪二十三年祁门竹源陈氏宗谱文书为例

本文为新发现的祁门竹源陈氏宗谱文书个案研究,从中我们可以看到清末徽州民间纂修宗谱的整个过程,从而了解徽州民间纂修宗谱的缘起、纂修组织结构、各项制度规定、宗谱管理、纂修谱例及付梓规定等,对研究清末徽州乡村地方政治、经济、历史、文化、人口、民俗等有着一定的价值.     

民初泗水华侨交涉案研究

在收集整理中国第二历史档案馆馆藏有关档案的基础上,描述了民国时期荷属东印度泗水地区华侨升旗案的发生和交涉过程;分析了其给海外华侨对中国认同、中国与东南亚各国外交关系发展变化所带来的重要影响;并总结了本涉侨案件的三点历史意义。     

论清代的"呈请发遣"

清代的“呈请发遣”是指祖父母、父母通过鸣官的方式呈请官府惩戒违犯教令的子孙,官府听从家长意愿,通过国家强制力将不肖子孙远流离乡。“呈请发遣”以家长的鸣官亲告为前提,国家既尊重家长对不肖逆子的惩戒权,又给予他们鸣官的送惩权。这一手段使族内家长的自主惩戒权和国家权威相结合,从而达到相得益彰的效果。清代的“呈请发遣”律例在制定和增改的过程中,虽力求根据儒家文化所提倡的伦理思想进行灵活调整,但其仅依据一些违礼琐事便听任家长呈请惩戒的做法,使很多人遭受发遣充军之苦,从而使“呈请发遣”这一体现儒化法律的良法美意成了家长制的虐民帮凶。     

从秦汉竹简看中国古代循实断案原则的形成与发展

《睡虎地秦墓竹简》、《奏谳书》记载的案例反映了秦汉时期循实断案的基本原则。循实断案是先秦和秦汉时期司法审判的基本原则,神灵裁判是司法官在处理疑难的、任何一方都不能形成优势证据,且案件必须裁判的情况下,才采取的一种审判方法。     

审判与调解:新中国成立初期的清理积案与制度选择

新中国成立初期,面对大量民事案件,司法机关一度认为造成积案的原因是暂时的,这些问题可以在短期内通过应急突击得到解决,司法机关对调解的态度一度也较为审慎。基于处理民事案件和清理积案的现实需要,司法机关围绕审判与调解主辅关系的制度安排进行了探索和选择。至20世纪50年代后期,“调解为主”的方针得以确立并趋于稳固。关于民事案件的这种制度选择对新中国司法探索和制度形成产生了深远的影响。