污染大气中浑仪,简仪的带锈防护

浑仪、简仪（以下简称两仪）在高PH、大气污染和日晒雨淋环境中的腐蚀是一种动态加速腐蚀过程。采用合成的双唑胺铜缓蚀剂和有机硅改性的甲基丙烯酸树脂,并分别复配成协同缓蚀剂群和含有增效稳定剂的封护剂。采用这两种材料和脱水后再防护的工艺,使带锈防护后的浑仪、简仪的腐蚀低于无污染大气中的速率。用电化学方法评价了防护技术的可行性,根据腐蚀与人工老化试验结果讨论了防护材料性能与腐蚀环境和带锈防护的关系,采用XPS分析方法探索了双唑胺比BTA更适用于两仪防护的原因。     

Settlement and social change in central Europe, 3500–1500 BC

The chronology of the period is briefly considered in the light of the dendrochronological results which have appeared in recent years. Patterns of settlement history in different parts of the area are then examined, and it is suggested that in some of them the late fourth millennium was a period of population decline which was not reversed until the Early Bronze Age, 1000 years later. Detailed information about specific local occupation patterns is provided by recent work on the circum-Alpine lake villages. Changes in cultural patterns during the period, especially the appearance of the Corded Ware, are discussed and explanations of them reviewed. It is argued that changing patterns of gender relations were a major feature of the period, linked to processes which eventually led to the development of small-scale chiefdoms. The development of copper and bronze metallurgy and its connection to these processes are discussed.     

试论前掌大墓地女性墓葬随葬兵器现象

滕州前掌大墓地中随葬兵器的墓葬较多,特别是女性墓葬中随葬兵器的现象较之于其他地区更为多见亦罕见于海岱地区。产生这种现象的原因可能与商末周初时女性社会地位较高和前掌大地处战事频繁的东夷重地有关,也许正因如此,前掌大墓地的女性生前可能参与作战。     

岭南铜提筒与江东原始瓷筒形器的比较研究——兼论百越文化视野下的提筒形器

岭南地区秦汉时期的铜提筒在当地越文化中具有代表性。江东地区西周春秋时期的墓葬或遗址中常出土一类带提耳的原始瓷筒形器,其造型独特,纹饰繁复,在尺寸、器形等方面与铜提筒多有相似之处。从浙江德清火烧山原始瓷窑址出土的一批标本器入手,对这一类筒形器重新进行类型学分析,然后就其主要的功能性因素与岭南铜提筒进行比较研究,可以明确二者的相关性,进而归纳出此类提筒形器在春秋以后南方各地出现的规律。该形制可能并非被动传播的文化因素,而是百越文化背景下各地的统治阶层在特定的社会历史环境中,为凝聚族群认同,维护统治利益,而对文化因素和器物形制作出主动选择和"策略性操控"的产物。     

Middle Bronze Age Arsenical Copper Alloys in Southern Portugal

In the Iberian Peninsula, the copper metallurgy from the Chalcolithic to the Middle Bronze Age (MBA) was mostly characterized by low arsenic contents. A collection of 53 MBA artefacts from southern Portugal was analysed by micro‐EDXRF, optical microscopy, SEM–EDS and Vickers to investigate the metal composition and manufacture. No technological distinction was found between artefacts from domestic and funerary contexts, which were radiocarbon‐dated to 2000–1500 cal bc . The arsenic contents of almost 100 MBA artefacts from this region, including the above‐mentioned set, have a Gaussian distribution with a high average (3.9 wt% As). Possible explanations are discussed for this distinctive metallurgy at the south‐western end of the Iberian Peninsula.     

Analysis of Heavy Metals in Smoke Deposits in the Limewash of the Royal Artillery Factory of Seville (17th Century): Contributions to the Location of the Furnaces

The Royal Artillery Factory of Seville in Spain originated from pre‐existing private bronze foundries dating from the 16th century. The paper analyses the stratigraphy of wall cladding in the areas traditionally known as the ‘Old Foundry’ and the ‘New Foundry’, through its characterization by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (SEM‐EDX), micro‐X‐ray fluorescence (μ‐XRF) and micro‐X‐ray diffraction (μ‐XRD), in order to analyse the metal deposits that have accumulated since the 17th century. The data obtained allowed the verification of the available historiographical information and the location of the original bronze smelting furnaces. The analysis of patinas deposited on the overlapping layers of lime also confirmed that neither the raw materials nor the composition of the alloys used presented any substantial changes.     

古玺印菁华释地三则

古官玺中涉及的地名颇多,其研究对古文字、古地理及古玺分域研究等方面都具有重要价值。本文从玺文的形体分析角度出发,对《古玺印菁华》收集的三方官玺予以考证,提出一些新的观点。     

湘江流域西周时期的铜器窖藏

本文对湘江流域出土的西周时期的铜器窖藏做了介绍,讨论了窖藏的时代,对与铜器窖藏相关的学术问题进行了探讨。     

三角缘神兽镜的学术源流

本文旨在梳理三角缘神兽镜在日本古代史研究和古代中日关系史研究中的学术源流,结合中日学术界的相关研究,集中探讨三角缘神兽镜的定义、三角缘神兽镜与邪马台国论争、"魏镜说"、王仲殊先生的三角缘神兽镜研究、三角缘神兽镜与日本早期佛教的传播等问题,为相关研究的继续深入奠定基础。     

中国马克思主义史学发展道路的思考

从五四运动到新中国成立前,自李大钊开始传播唯物史观,此后经郭沫若、吕振羽、范文澜、翦伯赞、侯外庐等的努力,马克思主义史学家坚持革命性与科学性结合,显示出自己建构研究中国历史体系的规模和力量,因而20世纪把中国史学推向了新阶段。建国后17年,马克思主义史学虽然经历过严重的曲折,但成绩仍是主要的,主要表现在:以唯物史观原理与中国实际相结合的方向得到坚持,形成百家争鸣的局面,在通史、断代史和专史领域以及大规模整理历史文献等方面都有重要成果;1958年以后教条化严重泛滥时,郭沫若、范文澜、翦伯赞等挺身而出进行抵制,一批熟悉历史考证的学者在唯物史观指导下,使史学达到新的境界。在改革开放的新时期,经过批判和反思极“左”路线危害,解放思想,史学出现了开拓进取、欣欣向荣的新局面。