Sir Edward Grey and Austria-Hungary

ABSTRACT

Although in terms of their bilateral relations the ‘traditional friendship’ between Great Britain and Austria-Hungary was no mere phrase, in general political terms British policy in the last decade before the War was characterised by Grey's determination to cultivate the ententes with France and Russia and to do nothing to upset that division of Europe into two balancing groups (with Austria-Hungary firmly in the German camp) which he saw as the best guarantee of peace. Even though the Austrians gradually recovered from the shock of the Bosnian Crisis, in which Grey had come forward against them as Russia's chief supporter, and though the British for their part came to see in Austria-Hungary a useful element of stability in the Near East, Grey's attempts to uphold the unity of the Concert in the Balkan Wars were in the end vitiated by his overriding concern to avoid offending his Entente partners. Indeed, as the crisis deepened in the last year of peace, he took refuge in an increasingly abstentionist attitude, the objective effect of which - and herein, it is here argued, lies Grey's responsibility - was to intensify Vienna's desperation and loss of faith in the Concert that soon proved fatal to peace.     

肯尼迪政府调节国际收支逆差的政策

肯尼迪在美国面临巨额国际收支逆差的背景下入主白宫。严重的逆差导致美国的黄金大量外流,引起西方世界对美元信用的置疑。因此,调节逆差成为肯尼迪政府的重要使命。肯尼迪政府调节逆差的政策主要体现在肯尼迪提交给国会的两份特别咨文中,即1961年2月6日的“黄金和国际收支逆差特别咨文”和1963年7月18日的“国际收支特别咨文”。以两份咨文为蓝本,有关部门展开了系列的开源节流行动。美国的逆差调节行动使美国政府内部和北约盟国间的斗争起伏跌宕,充分暴露出权力政治的实质。     

晚清至民国时期陕西基督教宣教区研究

功能文化区作为一种重要的文化区类型,目前在我国历史文化地理学研究中并没有受到重视。究其原因,是因为中国传统文化的地域分布多以形式文化区,或是感觉文化区的形态出现,很少能构成真正意义上的功能文化区。本文则通过对晚清至民国时期陕西基督教宣教区进行个案研究,指出以功能文化区形式出现的宣教区,其空间结构特征,一方面受制于中国传统的文化地域格局,另一方面,则与各差会在陕西发展的历史过程与权力关系有着密切的关系。     

浅析媒体“知情权”与公民“隐私权”的冲突与平衡

媒体知情权是指公民通过媒体了解知道公共事务,特别是有关国家政务信息,以及与自己利益和兴趣有关的各类社会信息的权利。公民隐私权是指公民对以自己纯个人的生活秘密和个人生活自由为内容,禁止他人干涉的一种人身权利。媒体的知情权与公民的隐私权具有天然的抗争性,如何平衡两者之间的冲突,既保护好媒体的知情权,又不伤害公民的隐私权,成为需要进一步探讨和研究的新课题。     

廉颇与蔺相如对今人的启示--心理平衡浅析

当人们面对现实时,或许很满足,或许很失意;满足而骄傲使人自信亦易使人落伍,失意而愤世,使人激奋亦易使人犯错。心理常态趋近甚或保持平衡,是成功的重要素质之一。     

The Work‐Life Balance: Geographical Perspectives on Lifestyle,Leisure, Stuff and the FuturePresidential Address to the Institute of Australian Geographers’ Conference,Hobart, July 20081

The work‐life balance is a pressing social issue in Australia but one on which geographers have been relatively silent. Predictions of ‘a leisure society’ have not been fulfilled. Instead, work has come to dominate life in Australia and in many other advanced western societies. The reasons for this are explored. Materialism is at the heart of the work‐life imbalance. There is, however, evidence of a changing work ethic and the emergence of leisure‐orientated lifestyles, albeit with ‘leisure’ interpreted as ‘freedom to’ undertake gratifying activity rather than simply ‘freedom from’ obligatory commitments. Despite the supposed homogenising influence of globalisation and the internet, place will become increasingly important in a leisure‐orientated lifestyle‐led future.     

COORDINATING EVERYDAY LIFE IN THE NETHERLANDS: A HOLISTIC QUANTITATIVE APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF ICT‐RELATED AND OTHER WORK‐LIFE BALANCE STRATEGIES

Due to women's increased participation in the labour force, more and more family‐households are now juggling paid labour and care‐giving in space and time and do so in many different ways. Much research and policy about how households try to establish a satisfactory work‐life balance singles out particular coping strategies, such as telecommuting or the mobilizing of informal help by relatives or friends. While insightful, foregrounding single strategies may oversimplify the complex reality of everyday life, in which people often skilfully weave together multiple coping strategies. As well, advances in information and communication technologies (ICTs) have further diversified the arsenal of possible coping strategies, but the academic literature has yet to verify whether ICT usage complements or substitutes the adoption of other coping strategies. Adopting a holistic quantitative approach this study assesses which combinations of coping strategies prevail and which role ICTs play in this regard among one‐ and dual‐earner households in the Utrecht–Amersfoort–Hilversum area of the Netherlands. We also examine systematic variations in strategy combination by socio‐demographics, ICT possession, affordability and skills, social network factors, employment and commute factors, spatial factors, lifestyle orientation and other factors. We identify several distinct combinations of strategies and find that ICT‐related strategies are frequently adopted by highly educated employed parents in the Netherlands attempting to achieve a satisfying work‐life balance and tend to complement other types of strategies. Which combinations of strategies have been adopted depends most strongly on the presence of young children, but also on employment factors and characteristics of the environment surrounding the dwelling and main workplace.     

论"大跃进"战略的形成

1957年批判"反冒进",形成了所谓"积极平衡"的理论、生产建设中浮夸风的政治气候和行政运行上的互动机制。在毛泽东看来,要加快中国经济的发展速度,资金和物资的缺口可以依赖发动群众实现"积极平衡"。发动群众,其思想渊源与当年"大生产运动"有着密切联系,在经济上的涵义是充分利用中国丰富的劳动力资源。于是,在中国,"以苏为鉴"、"走自己的路"就意味着:通过充分利用劳动力资源,既试图加快重工业的发展,又试图在较少资金投入下加快农业和轻工业的发展;工业的发展实行"两条腿走路"。在此路径下,"人定胜天"的观念与浮夸风两者相互作用,终于形成了"大跃进"战略。     

"大跃进"和国民经济调整时期的陈云经济思想及其意义

陈云在"大跃进"和国民经济调整时期提出了丰富的经济思想,这些思想是其以综合平衡为核心的经济发展理论和以"三个主体、三个补充"为基本内容的经济体制构想的充实和发展,不但对当时克服严重经济困难的决策发挥了巨大作用,也为新时期的经济体制改革奠定了一定的思想基础.     

北京都市区就业-居住空间结构及特征研究

近二十年来,在经济社会转型和城市化进程不断加快的背景下,我国许多大城市的就业-居住空间结构发生了巨大的变化。本研究以北京都市区为例,建立北京都市区就业-居住基础地理信息数据库,运用GIS空间分析技术对北京就业-居住空间关系进行多尺度分析,在界定就业中心和居住中心的基础上,评价北京都市区的就业与居住平衡状况。研究结果表明,就业-居住分离是当今北京城市空间结构的突出特征。