流浪儿童的回归与救助

今年初,“随手拍照解救乞讨流浪儿童”活动引起社会各界的普遍关注。与此同时,政府出台各种措施应对流浪儿童这一社会问题。近年来,对于流浪儿童的救助取得了一定的进展,当然,也出现了一些问题。本文将先论述我国流浪儿童的进展和问题,然后从儿童流浪的原因等方面探讨了如何实施有效的救助措施,让他们能真正回归社会,成为一个独立的个体。     

DAUGHTER DISCRIMINATION AND FUTURE SEX RATIO AT BIRTH IN INDIA

This paper examines recent trends in sex ratio at birth in all the major states of India, based on three rounds of the National Family Health Survey. It finds evidence of an increase in the ratio, particularly at the second-order birth among women having a first daughter in many states in the northwestern region of the country. Also, there are signs of daughter aversion emerging in Odisha, an eastern state. Based on parity progression ratios and the trend in sex selection, an attempt is made to estimate the peak of sex ratio at birth in India. With moderate intensification in sex selection in the northwestern region, sex ratio at birth is expected to reach a peak of 117–119 males per 100 females around the period 2021–2026. If, in addition, sex selection spreads further in the southeastern region, the sex ratio at birth in India could even increase to a level of 124.     

UN Population Division's Methodology in Preparing Base Population for Projections: Case study for India

Preparation of the base population plays a substantial role in the accuracy of projections. This paper reviews analytical strategies involved in the preparation of the UN World Population Prospects to reconcile existing discrepancies between data sources and derive robust estimates of population counts, distribution, and demographic changes. The case study of India is used to illustrate the challenges and benefits of using a cohort-component population projection approach in reconstructing its population between 1950 and 2010, including the preparation of bias-free population counts and distributions by age and sex; estimation of consistent fertility and mortality trends; and integration of all demographic components for obtaining a reliable base population for projections.     

西方人口史研究新进展述评

20世纪中叶以来 ,西方在人口史研究方面取得了巨大进展 ,还采用了新的研究方法。这些成果不仅提供了对近代人口普查前的各国人口数量和结构等基本状况的描述 ,而且增进了历史学对一些重大问题的理论探讨 ,拓宽了历史学的视野和领域。     

三江源生态移民社会适应与回迁愿望分析

本文通过对三江源生态移民社会适应和回迁愿望的研究,针对三江源生态移民社会适应程度不高、回迁愿望不高这一悖论,分析了形成原因,提出了提高移民社会适应程度、降低回迁风险的对策。     

古栉拾零

我国古代的栉,既是一种重要的首服饰物,又是一种必备的梳理用具。作为人类精神创造和物质创造的结晶,栉以其独特的方式,不仅记录了社会生活状态的变化,同时也记录了人们审美理念的变化,在人类文化发展史上占有相当重要的地位。可是,由于人们对栉的使用习以为常,乃至于忽视了它们的存在价值。本文运用对比分析的方法,辨识出"不为人识"、"不明全貌"、"不辨其形"的三例古栉,并通过对相关遗存的分析,指出了这些古栉不仅在标识使用者身份方面具有重要的作用,而且在反映不同地区、不同人群的精神面貌方面同样具有不可忽视的作用。     

Bishop Leslie's maps of Scotland, 1578

Meret Petrzilka, Die Karten von Laurent Fries von 1530 und 1531 und ihre Vorlage, die ‘Carta Marina’ aus dent Jahre 1516 von Martin Waldseemüller. Dissertation der philosophische Fakultāt II der Universität Zurich, Zurich 1968/69. pp. 170, illustrations and maps.

Werner Becker, Vom alten Bild der Welt ‐ alte Landkarten und Stadtansichten. Leipzig, Verlag Koehler &; Amelang, 1969. pp. 268.

Schöne alte Karten. Mappe mit 24 Kartenfaksimilen. Leipzig, V.E.B. Hermann Haack, 1970.

Fritz Bonisch, Genauigkeitsuntersuchungen am Oederschen Kartenwerk von Kursachsen. In: Abhandlungen der Sächsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, Philosophisch‐Historische Klasse, vol. 61, no. 3. Berlin, Akademie Verlag, 1970.

Old maps in Japan. Compiled by M. Nanba, N. Muroga and K. Unno. English translation by Hirochimi Takeda and Peter Anton. Osaka, Sogensha, 1971, pp. 160, with 93 maps in full colour + 4 foldings, 37 x 26 cm. U.S. $ 55.     

对清代考据学批评之批评

前人对考据学批评较多的是“复古”、“繁琐”、“门户之见”,这些批评有可商榷之处。考据学重视先秦两汉文献是由他们的研究课题所决定的,具有极大的合理性,并非是复古。繁琐不是考据学者们的追求,他们讲究博征,注明出处是为了增强结论的科学性,不能不加区别地视为繁琐。考据学派中的吴派矫枉过正,确有较深的门户之见,但皖派、扬州学派都主张实事求是,不以汉宋论是非,不偏主一家。     

乾隆时期中俄外交争议中的土尔扈特部问题

本对乾隆时期土尔扈特部东归的原因、清朝对土尔扈特部的政策以及清朝和俄罗斯因土尔扈特部东归而产生的交涉等进行了探讨。认为土尔扈特部族东归乃是基于现实状况的考虑,为了该族生存的空间而做出的决定。