关于利用历史文献信息进行环境演变研究的几点看法

针对如何更好地利用我国丰富的历史文献记录,开展历史时期环境演变研究,本文提出四点看法:从地球系统科学与全球变化研究的前沿中寻找研究的主题,在诸多不确定中寻找确定性答案,构建历史文献信息共享的环境演变研究平台,培养文理兼备的复合型人才。     

Application of Landsat satellite imagery to monitor land‐cover changes at the Athabasca Oil Sands,Alberta, Canada

A major advantage of satellite remote sensing is that the imagery acquired provides a synoptic view of the landscape. Thus, repeat coverage by the satellite on a regular basis permits the detection of changes in land‐cover over time. This study demonstrates the application of remote sensing technology to the monitoring of mining activities at the Athabasca Oil Sands region of Alberta, Canada. First, we describe the techniques used to match a time sequence of Landsat imagery, both spatially and spectrally, to ensure that the spectral changes through time are due to land‐cover variations. A series of spectral trajectories were then extracted to assess changes in land‐cover through time. Secondly, a land‐cover classification was produced from the baseline 1984 imagery and, using historic and future mine extents, the classification was analyzed to determine the proportion of each land‐cover type affected through development. Results of the analysis indicate that since 1984 there has been a larger reduction in mixedwood dense and broadleaf vegetation classes than mixedwood sparse or dense conifer stands in the area. Based on the delineations of mine‐site activity, the area of woodland and wetland habitat subject to development has increased from approximately 2,520 hectare (ha) in 1984 to 32,930 ha in 2005.     

"吧国公堂"档案之《公案簿》述略

<公案簿>是现存吧国公堂(巴达维亚华人评议会)档案中的核心部分,所涵盖的时间范围大约为150年(1787-1940年)左右.<公案簿>的内容主要有两个方面一是对吧国公堂有关华人的各类案件的会审记录;二是对有关吧城华人社区重要事件和重大决议的记录.对涵盖这一时期最为原始的记事录的内容及案例加以考察和分析,一方面可以洞察一个处在多种变革时期具有代表性的华人社区的社会生活及其行政管理的内幕,另一方面也可以从中了解各个历史阶段荷印殖民政策的变化及其对当地华人社会的影响.     

清代新疆冰岭道建置考

冰岭道作为乾隆平回之后为屯田伊犁而设的首条官方台路,其重要性自不待言。然而,长期以来,学界对这一问题的研究却较为缺乏。近年来,虽有学者对冰岭道做了专门探讨,但对于此路最为重要且变化最为剧烈的建置初期的情形,却由于汉文史料的匮乏而论述简略,考证失实。有鉴于此,本文在吸收前人经验的基础上,充分利用满汉文史料,对冰岭道的建置情形进行了考察。首先,证实了冰岭道建置初期并非仅有两阶段,而是有着层次分明的三个阶段。其次,对三阶段中所设台站的兴废增减进行了梳理,并阐明其调整过程不仅反映了台站职能的变化,更体现了清廷对新疆统治思想的变迁。最后,考证出伊犁驻防建设初期,伊犁地区与外界沟通的官方台路仅有冰岭道一条。     

清代宫廷建筑的管理制度及有关档案文献研究

本文介绍了清代宫廷建筑的管理机构与官员状况、宫廷建筑工程的各项管理制度,并列举了内阁、军机处、宫中、内务府、工部等处的部分档案,这些档案内容涉及紫禁城宫殿楼阁、苑囿行宫、陵寝、坛庙寺观、盛京皇宫及与宫殿建筑有关的河道、沟渠、园林、道路等的兴建和维修状况。这些清代档案是我们现今研究清代宫廷建筑的第一手资料,也是我们保护维修现存宫殿建筑的可靠依据,有着重要的史料价值。     

清代十八省的形成

本文从清宫和内阁档案入手,探讨清代"十八省"的形成过程,并揭示了清初的"分省"实际是"地层累积"式建构的产物,其发端就是乾隆晚期官方编撰的一系列志书、政书;"省"与"十八省"并非清代的正式政区,而只是一种应用宽泛的通称,因此清代的官方文件中存着多个"十八省"体系外的省,并且省下有省。另外,本文还揭示了"统部"的真实含义。     

Three geographers in an archive: positions, predilections and passing comment on transient lives

Despite the existence of research conducted by geographers eschewing or professing religious faith, the influence of researchers and their methods have yet to receive critical attention within the study of religion. The experience of three geographers working on a three-year research project suggests that it is vital to reflect upon the inter-subjective relationships and methodologies used to reconstruct the religious past. How do different subject positions influence our selections from historical records? We also consider whether the spatialities of putatively 'religious' archives, whether formally or informally constituted, make a difference to the construction of historiographical knowledge. In attempting to answer these questions, the paper argues that developing an awareness of different types of positionality, vis-à-vis religious faith and practice, combined with reflexivity, vis-à-vis methodology, can enrich the interpretative reconstruction of the religious past.     

也说师■鼎铭的“困(韋東)伯太师武”

师■鼎铭"困伯太师武"一句的"困(韋東)"二字,原文写法非常奇怪。裘锡圭先生释为"東(韋東)",读为"范围",认为是遵循、效法之意。本文同意把后一字释为"(韋東)",但把前一字改释为"困"。"困(韋東)"也是遵循、效法的意思。