城市群对外服务功能量化解析——以山东半岛、中原和关中三城市群为例

城市流强度描述了城市对外联系的强弱。是表征城市对外服务功能的量化指标。三个省份的实证检验明显地揭示出城市流与城市中心性具有特别强的相关性。本文以山东半岛、中原和关中城市群为研究区域,通过城市流强度的计算与结构的分析,从城市流视角探讨城市群发展演化机理,揭示出城市群空间结构由简单的单核心结构到复杂的多核心结构的演化过程。文章根据城市流大小和及其产业分布情况,分析了城市群及其中心城市的二、三产业城市流强度与结构,得出城市群整体的对外服务特征,并据此提出改善和提高城市对外服务功能的措施。     

长江三角洲和珠江三角洲城市群职能特征及其分析

城市群职能在很大程度上反映了城市群在区域发展中所起的作用、地位和分工状况,体现着城市群的辐射力和影响力。城市群的职能特征是对城市群职能的综合概括,有利于从整体上把握城市群的发展状态。笔者运用Morre回归分析法原理和因子分析方法,通过对长江三角洲城市群和珠江三角洲城市群职能主因子的解析,将它们的职能特征分别归结为:行政中枢和教育文化福利事业职能是长江三角洲城市群最主要的职能,科研技术和社会服务职能、交通运输和商业贸易金融职能是其比较突出的职能;制造业职能是珠江三角洲城市群的最主要职能,物流与交通枢纽职能,商业贸易职能、科教文化事业职能是其比较突出的职能。笔者围绕它们职能特征进行对比分析,以揭示它们的共同特征和主要差异,同时从它们的自然条件、地理区位、历史基础、文化传统、形成机制以及发展状况等方面展开成因分析。最后,讨论了它们的职能发展态势。     

The United States Manuscript Census as a Teaching Aid

Abstract

This article describes a new approach for analyzing data within national historical geographic information system databases that can be used to explore long-term trends in landscape evolution. The methodology is based on clustering together areas with similar demographic characteristics to define urban agglomerations whose territorial extents and populations vary over time. The resulting database can be used in a wide range of ways that allow the empirical study of urban growth and urban sprawl. The article is based on data for England and Wales but given the increasing availability of national historical geographic information system databases for countries around the world, the approach could be replicated for a wide range of different places.     

城市群产业结构与分工的测度研究——以中原城市群为例

城市群是国际竞争的基本单位,科学地测量城市群的产业结构与分工的程度,具有十分重要的实践意义。针对相似系数法和区位法等传统度量方法的不足,首次提出了区位熵灰色关联分析法,并以中原城市群为例进行了实证研究。结果表明,运用区位熵灰色关联分析法测度区域产业结构,不仅可以测度两地区产业结构的总体相似程度,而且还能反映地区产业的专业化、比较优势和区域分工的程度,可以定量地测度两地区产业的总体相似性,两地区不同产业的相似性。     

Debunking the Myth of Localized Agglomerations: The Development of a Regionalized Service Economy in South-East England

The central argument of this paper is that localized clusters of economic activity, or 'agglomerations', have been overemphasized in economic geography since the mid-1980s. In particular, such analyses are too manufacturing-biased, and place too much weight on the importance of local supply, market and partnership linkages. We will re-emphasize the service-based nature of growth in the core region of the UK economy, and will explore how a broad band of producer service activity is emerging in the Western Arc, owing largely to common locational logics, including back-office decentralization and the new firm-formation process. Such growth is both stimulated and supported by the high demand levels of the regional economy, but evidence suggests that the linkages of such firms extend well beyond the 'local', to cover at least the 'Greater South-East'. Furthermore, the international element in service growth needs to be recognized, as highlighted by the concentration of US foreign direct investment in the software industry along the M4 corridor. When areas outside the South-East are considered (such as Edinburgh, Tyne and Wear, Cheshire), the evidence appears to support Allen's (1992) notion of a 'regionalized mode of service growth' in the South-East.     

城市群规划中的管治研究——以绍兴城市群规划为例

在经济快速发展和城市化快速推进时期,城市群成为经济发展格局中最具活力和潜力的核心地区。但是,我国城市群发展面临着由于市场经济改革不到位引起的市场和政府的制度性缺陷,以及市场和政府本身的功能性缺陷,导致城市群内条块经济突出、区域发展失衡、地方矛盾加剧等问题。管治作为一种在政府和市场之间进行权利平衡再分配的制度性理念,成为解决城市群发展过程中市场失灵以及政府失灵的必然选择。本文首先总结了城市群管治的理论与模式,在进行国内外区域管治模式借鉴的基础上,以绍兴城市群为例,构建适宜我国发展现状的城市群管治框架。     

中国城市群对外服务功能强度与结构分析

城市流描述了城市的基本活动部分,体现了城市的对外服务功能。城市流强度揭示了城市对外联系的强弱,它与城市中心性的极强相关性表明,城市流强度是表征城市对外服务功能的量化指标。通过中国13个主要城市群的城市流强度与结构分析,从城市流视角探讨中国城市群对外服务功能空间分布特征及其增长情况。研究表明,长三角、珠三角城市群是全国性的以制造业为主的综合型对外生产服务中心,京津冀北城市群是全国性的以第三产业为主的综合型对外生产服务中心,山东半岛城市群初步形成以第二产业为主的全国性对外生产服务中心,成渝、辽中南等其余9个城市群为区域性对外生产服务中心。研究指出,城市群往往生成于我国各级产业轴线交汇的地方,由产业轴级别差异,将会形成不同规模等级的城市群,由此可以从各级产业轴线上寻找和培育新的城市群。研究认为,由城市流强度占GDP比重而确定的外部贡献率,是城市的基本活动部门对地区生产总值增长的贡献份额,城市群区域内部密切的经济联系与交流提高了各城市的外部贡献率,由城市间密切经济联系而形成的城市流是城市群演化发育的内在机制之一。     

基于遥感信息的绿洲城镇群空间发展研究——以乌鲁木齐都市圈为例

以乌鲁木齐都市圈为研究区域,在分析遥感信息的基础上,探讨干旱区绿洲城镇群的空间发展过程与未来的空间发展模式。首先,对1989年的TM和2002年的ETM+影像进行解译,提取研究区的主要用地信息。然后,基于解译信息分析农业用地、城镇用地与农村居民点的变化情况,揭示绿洲城镇群的动态演化过程。再次,探讨了研究区发展过程中出现的行政界限束缚城镇发展、城镇间无序化的分散发展以及绿洲基底景观的破脆性增强等空间问题。最后,在分析动态变化的基础上,针对现有的空间发展问题,提出了一些空间发展构想,以期对本区今后空间的合理发展提供借鉴。     

Debunking the Myth of Localized Agglomerations: The Development of a Regionalized Service Economy in South-East England

The central argument of this paper is that localized clusters of economic activity, or 'agglomerations', have been overemphasized in economic geography since the mid-1980s. In particular, such analyses are too manufacturing-biased, and place too much weight on the importance of local supply, market and partnership linkages. We will re-emphasize the service-based nature of growth in the core region of the UK economy, and will explore how a broad band of producer service activity is emerging in the Western Arc, owing largely to common locational logics, including back-office decentralization and the new firm-formation process. Such growth is both stimulated and supported by the high demand levels of the regional economy, but evidence suggests that the linkages of such firms extend well beyond the 'local', to cover at least the 'Greater South-East'. Furthermore, the international element in service growth needs to be recognized, as highlighted by the concentration of US foreign direct investment in the software industry along the M4 corridor. When areas outside the South-East are considered (such as Edinburgh, Tyne and Wear, Cheshire), the evidence appears to support Allen's (1992) notion of a 'regionalized mode of service growth' in the South-East.     

大城市群内新型城镇化发展的策略问题

城镇化问题是当代中国社会经济发展的综合性课题,也是涉及到我国国民经济各部门如何协调发展,达到一个新的现代化和谐社会发展的根本问题:新型城镇化是以人为本,强调市民化和公共服务均等化,实现中国城镇化健康稳定发展的关键。本文从新型城镇化发展背景,五大发展策略与实施长远目标的关键措施,论证了我国大城市群地区的新型城镇化建设方针、路径与方法措施,探索中国新型城镇化的理论与实践问题。同时,从国情特点、城乡统筹、产业转型、区域协调、资源环境统筹视角出发,对我国城镇化的合理进程、规模建设与规划布局以及环境生态保护等重大问题,进行了综合性、区域性的研究探索,对我们深入的理解中央有关新型城镇化一系列方针政策理论具有重要指导意义与实际价值。